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What Puppeteer does
Puppeteer provides a JavaScript API for controlling browsers through the Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) or WebDriver BiDi. It launches headless by default, but can also run a visible browser. Common uses include form submission, UI testing, keyboard input, performance tracing, Chrome extension testing, and crawling single-page applications to generate pre-rendered content. See the official Puppeteer guide for the current overview.
Puppeteer’s browser support changes alongside releases. Its current documentation describes Chrome and Firefox automation, with Chrome using CDP by default and also supporting WebDriver BiDi; Firefox uses WebDriver BiDi by default. Check the project’s supported-browser mapping for the Puppeteer release you install rather than assuming any locally installed browser will match.
Choose and install the right package
Use puppeteer for the usual local setup: its installation downloads a compatible Chrome build. Choose puppeteer-core when you will supply or connect to a browser yourself, such as a managed or remote browser. The core package does not download a browser, so you must explicitly configure which browser executable or connection to use.
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npm install puppeteerFor a self-managed or remote-browser setup:
npm install puppeteer-corePackage managers sometimes block installation scripts. If Puppeteer installs but cannot find its bundled Chrome, run the documented browser installation command:
npx puppeteer browsers installAlternatively, allow the Puppeteer install script in your package manager’s configuration and reinstall. For package-manager-specific settings, consult the installation guide.
Build a first browser automation
This example launches the downloaded Chrome, visits a page, sets a viewport, uses a locator to interact with a search box, reads the resulting title, and closes the browser even if an earlier step fails. Save it as first-run.mjs and run node first-run.mjs from the project directory.
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setViewport({ width: 1280, height: 800 });
await page.goto('https://www.google.com', { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
const search = page.locator('textarea[name="q"]');
await search.fill('Puppeteer browser automation');
await search.click();
await page.keyboard.press('Enter');
await page.locator('#search').wait();
console.log(await page.title());
} finally {
await browser.close();
}The selectors in a live site can change, and search results may vary by locale, login state, or page changes. For your own application, prefer stable selectors you control, such as accessible labels or test IDs, rather than relying on fragile layout-specific CSS. Puppeteer’s locator API provides methods for locating and interacting with elements.
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Run a visible browser while debugging
Headless mode is the default. To see the browser window and watch the automation, launch with headless: false:
const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: false });Use the same navigation and interaction code after launch. Close the browser when the script is done, as in the example, so the process does not leave browser processes running.
Use a specific browser with puppeteer-core
Because puppeteer-core does not fetch Chrome, launch configuration must point to a browser you manage, or connect to a browser endpoint. Browser and Puppeteer versions need to be compatible. Use the project’s version mapping and the configuration options documented for browser configuration; do not assume the system’s latest Chrome automatically matches the installed Puppeteer release.
Capture a screenshot or PDF
Save a screenshot
After navigation, call page.screenshot(). This runnable variation saves a full-page PNG:
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import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}For a viewport-only image, omit fullPage or set it to false. Screenshot options, including output formats and image settings, are listed in the screenshot API reference.
Save a PDF
page.pdf() creates a PDF using the print CSS media type by default. If the page’s screen styling is what you need, emulate screen media before generating it:
await page.emulateMediaType('screen');
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf', format: 'A4' });See the PDF API reference for page format and other options. A page designed for screen display may paginate differently in print mode, so choose the media type deliberately.
Keep browser and Puppeteer versions compatible
Puppeteer releases are paired with browser versions to maintain protocol compatibility. The project’s supported-browser table maps Puppeteer versions to Chrome for Testing and Firefox versions. Puppeteer has used Chrome for Testing beginning with v20.0.0 and stable Firefox beginning with v23.0.0. Those milestones do not mean every browser release works with every Puppeteer version; consult the live mapping when upgrading or selecting a browser.
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If the exact Puppeteer version you need is not listed in the mapping, the project advises using the browser version mapped to the immediately prior Puppeteer release. Treat that as a documented fallback, not a guarantee for unrelated browser builds. The Puppeteer FAQ explains the project’s version pairing and protocol compatibility rationale.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot common setup and automation failures
“Could not find Chrome” or browser executable missing
The package install script may have been blocked, or you installed puppeteer-core without configuring a browser. For the standard package, run npx puppeteer browsers install or permit the install script. With puppeteer-core, configure a compatible managed browser or connect to the remote browser you intend to use.
Browser launches but navigation or commands fail
Check that the Puppeteer version and browser version are a supported pair. A system browser that updated independently may no longer match the version expected by Puppeteer. Compare versions with the official supported-browser table and install a mapped browser build or align the Puppeteer version.
Locator cannot find an element
The page may not have rendered the target yet, the selector may be stale, or the element may be inside a frame. Wait for the relevant state with a locator or an explicit selector wait, then confirm the selector against the current page markup. For controls in an iframe, select the frame before locating its contents; the API reference covers page and frame operations.
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Script hangs waiting for a page to finish
Modern pages may keep network connections open for analytics, streaming, or other background work. A wait condition that expects complete network quiet can therefore wait longer than expected. Choose a navigation condition appropriate to the task, such as domcontentloaded, and separately wait for the specific element or result your automation needs.
Puppeteer or Selenium?
Both projects contribute to WebDriver BiDi, and both can be used for browser automation. The practical distinction supported by their documentation is scope: Puppeteer is a JavaScript browser-control library with CDP and BiDi paths, while Selenium offers more language bindings and orchestration tooling such as Selenium Grid. Choose based on your application language, required browser/protocol setup, and whether you need distributed test orchestration—not on an unsupported blanket claim that one is always faster or more reliable. The Puppeteer project discusses the comparison in its FAQ.
Or skip the browser setup
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import requests
r = requests.get(
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timeout=90,
)
r.raise_for_status()
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for API details. The free plan includes 1,000 shots a month without a card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Sign up for the free plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Puppeteer support WebDriver BiDi?
Yes. Chrome automation uses CDP by default and can also use WebDriver BiDi; Firefox automation uses WebDriver BiDi by default. The project says it will continue supporting Chrome automation with CDP.
Is Puppeteer a replacement for Selenium?
Not in every setup. Puppeteer is a JavaScript browser-control library; Selenium offers more language bindings and orchestration tools such as Selenium Grid. Choose according to language, browser/protocol needs, and orchestration requirements.
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