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If a Playwright screenshot has the wrong dimensions, check three separate settings: the viewport sets the page’s layout size in CSS pixels, deviceScaleFactor sets device pixel ratio, and the screenshot’s scale determines whether output pixels follow CSS pixels or device pixels. Set the viewport before navigation, choose the screenshot scale explicitly, and use fullPage only when you want the entire scrollable document.
Why Playwright screenshots have the wrong dimensions
Screenshot dimensions are determined by more than the page’s visible browser window. Separate layout size, raster density, and capture extent before changing code:
- Viewport: width and height in CSS pixels. This controls the page’s layout viewport, not physical monitor pixels.
- Device pixel ratio: the context’s
deviceScaleFactor. It is distinct from viewport width and height. - Screenshot scale:
scale: 'css'produces one output pixel per CSS pixel;scale: 'device'produces one output pixel per device pixel. - Capture extent:
fullPageorclipchanges which area is captured, not the pixel-density setting. Playwright Page API
For example, a 1280 × 720 viewport with CSS-scale capture requests output at one pixel per CSS pixel. With device-scale capture, output dimensions depend on the device pixel ratio. A full-page capture can be taller than either because it includes scrollable content.
Set the viewport, device scale factor, and screenshot scale
Configure the browser context before creating and navigating the page. This runnable JavaScript example uses Playwright’s library API:
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const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const context = await browser.newContext({
viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
deviceScaleFactor: 1,
});
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', scale: 'css' });
await browser.close();
})();This requests a 1280 × 720 CSS-pixel viewport, DPR 1, and CSS-scale output. It is a configuration example; actual page content and capture conditions can affect what appears in the file. See the BrowserType API for context configuration and the Page API for screenshot options.
Capture the entire page or only a region
To include the whole scrollable document, add fullPage: true to the screenshot call:
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await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png', scale: 'css', fullPage: true });The image may be taller than the viewport. To capture a specific rectangle instead, use clip, whose coordinates describe the area to capture:
await page.screenshot({
path: 'region.png',
scale: 'css',
clip: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 640, height: 360 },
});Use one of these extent options to change the captured area; do not use fullPage to correct a density mismatch.
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Set an intentional viewport in Playwright Test
In Playwright Test, set the viewport in the project’s use configuration. If you spread a device preset, put the explicit viewport afterward so it overrides the preset’s viewport:
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
projects: [
{
name: 'desktop-chrome-fixed-viewport',
use: {
...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
},
},
],
});Playwright’s emulation guide demonstrates this override ordering. A preset or a later configuration entry can otherwise leave the test using a different viewport than intended.
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Resize an existing page
If the page already exists, use page.setViewportSize() with CSS-pixel dimensions:
await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1280, height: 720 });Set the desired size before navigating when possible. Playwright’s Page API advises this because some websites do not expect phones to change size. Resizing after navigation may cause the page to reflow, so it can produce a different result from loading at the target viewport.
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Choose CSS-scale or device-scale output
Set scale explicitly when file dimensions matter:
| Setting | Output meaning | Use it when |
|---|---|---|
scale: 'css' |
One output pixel per CSS pixel | You want file pixels to correspond to the CSS-pixel layout dimensions. |
scale: 'device' |
One output pixel per device pixel | You want output at device-pixel density; resulting dimensions depend on DPR. |
Playwright notes that device-scale screenshots of high-DPI devices can be twice as large or larger, depending on the device pixel ratio. Page API screenshot options The context’s deviceScaleFactor has a documented default of 1, but specify it when reproducible output density is part of the requirement. BrowserType API
Debug the screenshot dimensions in this order
- Check the configured viewport. Confirm the context, test project, or
page.setViewportSize()call uses the intended width and height in CSS pixels. - Check configuration precedence. Look for a device preset or later
usesetting overriding the viewport. With a preset spread, place your explicitviewportafter it. - Check
deviceScaleFactor. Make sure the context’s DPR matches whether you expect CSS-pixel or device-pixel output. - Set screenshot
scale. Choose'css'for one output pixel per CSS pixel or'device'for one per device pixel. - Check capture extent. Confirm whether
fullPageorclipis intentionally changing the captured area. - For visual tests, compare like with like. Keep browser and host conditions aligned between baseline generation and comparison.
Troubleshoot common sizing symptoms
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to change |
|---|---|---|
| Image is larger than the viewport dimensions | scale: 'device' is producing device-pixel output at a DPR above 1, or fullPage is capturing scrollable content. |
Use scale: 'css' for CSS-pixel-sized output; turn off fullPage if you only want the viewport. |
| Page layout is wider or narrower than expected | The context or test project has a different viewport, possibly due to a device preset or override order. | Set the intended viewport explicitly and put it after any device preset spread. |
| Image has unexpected height | fullPage captures beyond the visible viewport, or a clip rectangle defines a different height. |
Remove fullPage for viewport-only capture or adjust the clip rectangle. |
| Visual test differs across machines | Rendering can vary with operating system, browser version, settings, hardware, power source, and headless mode. | Generate and compare baselines in aligned environments, and check the browser and host configuration. Playwright visual comparisons |
Keep visual screenshot tests reproducible
Playwright Test’s toHaveScreenshot() waits for two consecutive page screenshots to yield the same result before comparing against the expectation. That helps reduce transient capture changes, but it does not make different operating systems, browser versions, settings, hardware, power conditions, or headless modes render identically. Keep baseline generation and comparison environments aligned. Visual comparisons · PageAssertions API
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a screenshot through an API rather than a Playwright browser context, ScreenshotNeo accepts a URL in one GET request and returns a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. Its API offers viewport and device-related capture options; consult the ScreenshotNeo documentation for supported parameters.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpScreenshotNeo accepts cookie or consent banners before capture and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; those steps can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and responses identify the page verdict and billing status in headers. An MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents and other MCP clients. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots. Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month with no card.
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Can I set the viewport after navigating?
Yes. Use page.setViewportSize() on the existing page; setting it before navigation is preferable when the site’s behavior at the target size matters.
Does fullPage: true increase screenshot resolution?
No. It changes capture extent to include the scrollable page; use scale and deviceScaleFactor to control pixel density.
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