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OpenClaw 的跨会话记忆不是藏在模型里的隐藏状态,而是写进工作区的 Markdown 文件,再经过索引检索和长期整理被重新带回上下文。模型下次能用到什么,取决于有什么被写下来,以及这些内容有没有被载入或检索到。
需要先说明一点:官方架构文档描述的是五个功能层级,并没有“三层架构”这个官方术语。本文标题里的“三层”是为了便于理解所做的编辑归纳,后文会说明它与官方模型怎样对应、哪里对不上。
记忆到底存在哪里
OpenClaw 概览文档指出,记忆以普通 Markdown 文件的形式保存在 agent 工作区,默认工作区是 ~/.openclaw/workspace。文档的核心提醒是:模型只会“记得”被写到磁盘上的内容。想确认某件事是否留存,最可靠的做法是直接打开记忆文件查看。
工作区里与记忆相关的文件有三类:
USER.md:可选,保存用户偏好和个人背景。它不会自动创建。MEMORY.md:保存整理后的长期事实与决定。memory/YYYY-MM-DD.md:按日期保存工作过程中的详细记录和观察,供检索使用,不会每次会话整体载入。
官方的五层模型与“三层”归纳
官方架构文档划分的层级是:指令层、整理后的核心记忆、情节记录、未来意图,以及供人检查的 review 材料。这比三层更细。为了让读者抓住主要流程,可以把它们归并成下面三组。这是解释性分组,不是一一对应的官方映射。
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| 归纳后的层 | 包含什么 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| 核心层 | USER.md、MEMORY.md |
承载用户模型和整理后的长期事实,会话启动时按预算载入 |
| 记录层 | 每日记忆文件,以及可选的会话记录 | 保存较细的经历与上下文,需要时再搜索 |
| 检索与整理层 | SQLite 索引、关键词/向量检索、压缩前 flush、dreaming | 负责找回内容、争取保存机会和整理,本身不是被保存的内容 |
三分法漏掉了两个官方层级:指令层和 review 材料。未来意图(prospective intents)也容易被误读。它表达的是“触发条件满足时要执行什么”,不是“记住一条事实”。如果你想让 agent 在某个时机做某事,那属于意图,不属于 MEMORY.md 里的事实。
内容怎样被写入和整理
日常记录
工作中的观察和细节先进入按日期命名的情节记录。它们体量可以较大,因为不会整体注入上下文,只在检索命中时才出现。
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压缩前的 memory flush
长对话被压缩之前,系统可以运行一次 silent turn,提醒 agent 把重要内容写进记忆文件。这是一次保存机会,不是完整性保证:最终保留什么,仍取决于 agent 在这一轮写了什么。
dreaming:筛选与长期提升
官方把 dreaming 描述为对候选记录进行筛选,并把符合条件的内容整理进 MEMORY.md 或 USER.md。架构文档强调来源信息和提升门控:不可信或系统来源的材料不会进入其所述的长期提升路径,不会仅因为被写进记录就变成可信的长期事实。官方还提到,记忆步骤失败时应降级处理,而不是阻断回复。
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这套机制能降低重要上下文随会话结束或压缩而丢失的风险。它不能保证模型记录了所有内容,也不能保证每次检索都命中正确的片段。
索引与搜索如何工作
默认的 Memory Core 会索引 MEMORY.md、已存在的根目录 USER.md 和 memory/*.md。它把内容切成块,文档给出的默认参数是 400 tokens 一块、重叠 80 tokens,然后写入每个 agent 专属的 SQLite 数据库。
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- Next-Level 10Gbps & 3A Charging: No more slow 480Mbps, this usb to usb c adapter has a transfer speed of up to 10Gbps, allowing you to do more transferring in less time. This usb adapter fits both USB A and USB C charger, supporting up to 3A fast charging
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- Broad Compatible: The usb c to usb adapter widely supports all USB C/ USB A devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, car chargers, and phone chargers. Such as compatible with MacBook Pro/Air 2023/2022, Thunderbolt 4/3 Devices,Apple MagSafe Watch 9/8/7/SE/Ultra, iPad Pro 2022/2021, Samsung Galaxy S23/S20/S10, and iPhone 17/16/15 Pro. Plug and play
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搜索可以综合关键词匹配、向量相关性、近期性和重要性。向量部分需要可用的 embedding 配置。如果 embedding 不可用,文档所述的关键词搜索回退能保留一部分检索能力,但结果不等同于语义向量检索。
embedding provider 怎么选
文档列出的 provider 类型包括 OpenAI、Ollama、LM Studio 和 local,涵盖托管与本地/自托管两类。它们是可配置的选项,文档并没有把其中任何一种定为唯一推荐。可以从三个角度比较:
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- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
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| 比较角度 | 需要问的问题 |
|---|---|
| 运行位置与数据边界 | embedding 是发送到托管服务,还是在本机或自托管环境里运行?具体隐私边界要看所用 provider 的设置和政策。 |
| 配置与凭据 | 托管服务是否需要密钥?本地方案是否需要额外安装和模型文件?它们都是需要配置的选项,不是零配置。 |
| 语义检索可用性 | embedding 失效时是否接受只剩关键词搜索? |
价格、速度和隐私承诺,不能从 provider 的名字推断,需要按各家的实际条款核实。
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.使用边界:核心记忆也有预算
MEMORY.md 写得太长时,磁盘上的原文件不会受影响,但注入上下文的副本可能因超出 bootstrap 文件预算而被截断。应对办法有三个:
- 把细节移到每日记录里。
- 在核心文件中只保留简短摘要。
- 检查当前上下文状态,并以你所用版本的文档为准。
跨会话“失忆”的排查顺序
下面的顺序是根据文档里的机制推导出来的,不是 OpenClaw 官方给出的完整诊断流程。
Quick Recap
- 确认内容是否真的写进了文件。打开工作区里的
MEMORY.md和memory/下的当日文件,查找相关内容。没写入就谈不上持久记忆。 - 确认文件处在载入或检索路径上。检查文件位置和命名是否符合
MEMORY.md、根目录USER.md、memory/*.md的约定。 - 检查索引和 embedding 配置。语义搜索不命中时,确认 provider 是否可用;不可用时,系统可能只在做关键词匹配。
- 检查核心记忆的上下文预算。如果
MEMORY.md很长,载入的副本可能已被截断,需要精简或下沉细节。
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