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Several skilled trades combine solid national wages with apprenticeship routes that pay you while you train. But neither a high starting wage nor debt-free training is guaranteed: what you earn and owe depends on the occupation, local labor market, apprenticeship sponsor, and costs such as tuition, fees, and tools.

Five trades to compare for pay and job outlook

The figures below are U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) national median annual wages for May 2025, with projected employment growth for 2025–35 from the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profiles published in 2026. A median is the midpoint of employed workers’ wages—not an entry-level offer or a promise about what a new apprentice will earn.

Trade May 2025 national median wage Projected growth, 2025–35 Typical training and considerations
Elevator and escalator installers and repairers $109,910 6% Nearly all learn through apprenticeship; most states require licensure. Work can involve heights, confined spaces, on-call repairs, and overtime.
Electrical power-line installers and repairers $95,320 10% Technical instruction and on-the-job training are typical, and apprenticeships are common. High-voltage work and heights pose serious hazards.
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters $63,800 7% Most learn through a four- or five-year apprenticeship; most states require plumbers to be licensed. Emergency work can mean nights or weekends.
Electricians $63,190 9% Most learn through apprenticeship, and most states require licensing. Schedules may include evenings, weekends, or overtime.
HVAC mechanics and installers $61,010 11% Typically need a postsecondary nondegree award and lengthy on-the-job training. Licensing or certification may be required; seasonal demand can bring irregular schedules or overtime.

Sources: BLS Occupational Employment and Wages Summary, May 2025; BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profiles for electricians, elevator and escalator installers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters, HVAC mechanics and installers, and electrical power-line installers and repairers. National medians can conceal substantial differences by state, metro area, industry, experience, union status, hours worked, and self-employment. For a local comparison, use each profile’s state and area wage links.

How apprenticeships can reduce borrowing—and what they do not guarantee

A registered apprenticeship combines paid on-the-job training and mentorship with classroom instruction. Participants typically progress through wage increases as they gain skills and can earn a Department of Labor credential. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) describes these programs as a way to earn while learning that may help workers avoid student loans, but it does not say every apprenticeship is free or leaves every participant debt-free.

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Apprenticeship is not the only route into a trade. HVAC technicians, for example, typically need a postsecondary nondegree award plus on-the-job training. A trade-school program may involve tuition and other expenses, and the available national figures do not establish comparable costs for tuition, fees, tools, or aid across programs. Apprentices also may face classroom costs or need to buy tools. Ask for the full cost and payment schedule before committing.

GAO reported about 940,000 registered-apprenticeship participants across industries in fiscal year 2024. It also reported Department of Labor figures showing average annual wages of about $80,000 in the first year after exit for completers who exited between April 2022 and March 2023. That is an across-program average, not a starting-pay estimate for any one trade. GAO’s April 28, 2025 report, publicly released May 28, 2025, explains the program model and its potential benefits.

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Compare the actual route, not just the occupation

Check wages during training

Apprentices earn less than fully trained workers in occupations such as electrician and plumber. Elevator apprentices commonly start at about half of fully trained pay and receive increases as they progress, according to the BLS profiles. Ask each sponsor for the starting rate, scheduled raises, expected weekly hours, and how classroom time is paid. Do not use the national occupation median as a proxy for apprentice wages.

Confirm training length and classroom requirements

Training format differs by trade and sponsor. Most electricians and plumbers learn through apprenticeships; most plumbing apprenticeships take four or five years. Nearly all elevator installers learn through apprenticeship. HVAC technicians typically complete a postsecondary nondegree award and substantial on-the-job training. Ask how long the specific program usually takes, what classroom instruction is required, and what happens if work hours are interrupted.

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Verify licenses and credentials where you plan to work

State rules vary. Most states require electricians and plumbers to be licensed, most require elevator installers to be licensed, and HVAC licensing or certification may be required. Confirm current requirements with the licensing office in the state where you expect to work. Ask whether the credential earned through the program is recognized by employers or licensing authorities in other states if portability matters to you.

Weigh conditions and schedule against pay

These jobs are not interchangeable desk-work alternatives. Elevator and power-line work can involve heights, and power-line work includes high-voltage hazards. Plumbing work may include urgent calls at nights or on weekends; electrician and elevator jobs may involve overtime or on-call work. HVAC work can become irregular during seasonal peaks. Ask about protective equipment, safety training, travel, shift expectations, and how often overtime or emergency callouts occur.

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A practical checklist before you enroll or accept an apprenticeship

  1. Compare local wages: Open the relevant BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profile and follow its state and area wage links. Compare places where you could realistically work, not only the national median.
  2. Find real openings: Search Apprenticeship.gov’s Apprenticeship Job Finder and review the occupations listed on its apprenticeship occupations page. Availability depends on location and sponsor.
  3. Get the complete cost in writing: Ask about tuition, classroom fees, tools, books, safety gear, travel, and any required exams. Find out what financial aid or employer support is available and whether any costs must be paid before wages begin.
  4. Ask for the wage schedule: Request the initial hourly rate, progression milestones, raises, expected hours, overtime rules, and whether classroom instruction is paid.
  5. Check the credential and rules: Verify the credential awarded and confirm state licensing or certification requirements directly with the relevant state agency.
  6. Inspect the day-to-day job: Ask current workers or the sponsor about physical demands, safety practices, shifts, travel, seasonal swings, and on-call obligations.

The Department of Labor lists electricians, HVAC technicians, plumbers and pipefitters, power lineworkers, welders, carpenters, and other occupations among construction apprenticeship fields. It reported 480,399 construction apprentices served in 2025, 28% more than five years earlier. That shows the scale of construction apprenticeships nationally, not that every occupation has openings in every local market. See Apprenticeship.gov’s construction page and its data and statistics for program information.

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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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