Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsIn Selenium 4, set browser capabilities with the browser’s Options class and pass that object to the WebDriver. “Desired Capabilities” remains a common name for the settings a WebDriver session requests, but the Selenium 3-style DesiredCapabilities-centered setup is not the recommended Selenium 4 pattern. For remote sessions, an Options object is required because it identifies the requested browser.
What capabilities do in Selenium
Capabilities describe the browser and session features requested when WebDriver creates a session. They matter especially with Remote WebDriver or Selenium Grid: the remote end uses the requested configuration to select a compatible browser environment. If a required capability cannot be provided, session creation can fail. The WebDriver capability model also supports alwaysMatch requirements and ordered firstMatch alternatives; most Selenium users set their request through the browser Options API rather than constructing those objects directly. See the MDN WebDriver capabilities reference.
Selenium’s current guidance is explicit: “As of Selenium 4, you must use the browser options classes.” See Selenium Browser Options.
Set capabilities with Selenium 4 Options
Choose the Options class for the browser you intend to start, set standard capability values on it, and pass it as options when creating the driver. For Python Remote WebDriver, the pattern is:
Quick wins for a faster PC:
Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →#1 Best Overall
- Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
- Convert USB-A Ports to USB-C: Designed to connect USB-C earphones, cables, flash drives, card readers, and other USB-C accessories to standard USB-A ports. Plug-and-play with no drivers or software required.
- Aluminum Alloy Housing: Built with a sturdy aluminum alloy shell that aids in heat dissipation and protects against daily wear and scratches. Designed to maintain a stable and secure connection.
- Compact & Travel-Friendly: The ultra-compact design allows the adapter to stay plugged into your device without blocking adjacent ports or adding bulk, reducing wear and tear on your original USB ports.
- 12-Month Warranty: Backed by a 12-month manufacturer warranty for peace of mind. Designed to meet strict quality control standards for reliable everyday performance.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
options = Options()
options.set_capability("platformName", "windows")
options.browser_version = "142"
driver = webdriver.Remote(
command_executor="http://grid.example:4444/wd/hub",
options=options,
)
try:
driver.get("https://example.com")
print(driver.title)
finally:
driver.quit()Replace the example endpoint and requested browser version with values supported by your Grid or remote provider. The endpoint and version above illustrate the API pattern; they are not evidence that a particular Grid has that browser available. The browser Options class also varies by browser: use the matching class for Chrome, Firefox, or another supported browser. For local sessions, pass the Options object to that browser’s driver constructor; for remote sessions, pass it to webdriver.Remote.
What changed from Selenium 3
If older code creates a session from a DesiredCapabilities object, migrate the configuration into the appropriate browser Options object and pass that object to the driver. The Selenium 4 migration guide documents this change and the current W3C capability names: Upgrade to Selenium 4.
Rank #2
- 5-in-1 USB-C Hub: Experience comprehensive connectivity featuring a Power Delivery input, two USB-A 2.0 ports, a USB-A 3.0 port, and an HDMI port. (Note: The USB-C power delivery input port is only for connecting an external wall charger to power your laptop and cannot power peripheral devices.)
- 90W Pass-Through Charging: Achieve optimal charging with 90W pass-through power to your laptop, supported by a total input of 100W, with the hub reserving 10W for operational efficiency. (Note: Wall charger not included.)
- Quick Data Transfers: Accelerate your productivity with rapid data transfers using a high-speed 5Gbps USB 3.0 port and two 480Mbps USB 2.0 ports.
- 4K HDMI Display: Enhance your visual experience with a hub capable of delivering 4K resolution at 30Hz in both mirror and extend modes. Please note that this hub is compatible with MacBook (macOS 12 and newer), Windows 10 and 11, ChromeOS, and laptops equipped with DP Alt Mode and Power Delivery. Note: This device is not compatible with Linux.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (5-in-1, 4K HDMI), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Use current W3C capability names
Selenium 4 follows the W3C WebDriver standard. Use the standard names in the Options API instead of older spellings. Common standard capabilities include:
| Capability | What it requests |
|---|---|
browserName |
The browser type, such as Firefox or Chrome. |
browserVersion |
The requested browser version. |
platformName |
The operating-system platform for the session. |
acceptInsecureCerts |
Whether the session should accept insecure certificates. |
pageLoadStrategy |
How navigation waits for the page to load. |
proxy |
Proxy configuration for the session. |
timeouts |
Session timeout settings. |
unhandledPromptBehavior |
How WebDriver handles unhandled prompts. |
In particular, replace legacy version with browserVersion, and legacy platform with platformName. A remote Grid must actually offer the requested browser and platform; using the current spelling does not make an unavailable configuration available.
Rank #3
- Sleek 7-in-1 USB-C Hub: Features an HDMI port, two USB-A 3.0 ports, and a USB-C data port, each providing 5Gbps transfer speeds. It also includes a USB-C PD input port for charging up to 100W and dual SD and TF card slots, all in a compact design.
- Flawless 4K@60Hz Video with HDMI: Delivers exceptional clarity and smoothness with its 4K@60Hz HDMI port, making it ideal for high-definition presentations and entertainment. (Note: Only the HDMI port supports video projection; the USB-C port is for data transfer only.)
- Double Up on Efficiency: The two USB-A 3.0 ports and a USB-C port support a fast 5Gbps data rate, significantly boosting your transfer speeds and improving productivity.
- Fast and Reliable 85W Charging: Offers high-capacity, speedy charging for laptops up to 85W, so you spend less time tethered to an outlet and more time being productive.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (7-in-1), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Choose a page-load strategy deliberately
pageLoadStrategy changes when WebDriver returns from navigation. Selenium documents three values:
| Strategy | When navigation returns | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
normal (default) |
After the document ready state is complete and page resources have downloaded. |
Waits for more of the initial page load, which can take longer when resources are slow. |
eager |
When the document is interactive. |
The DOM is ready, but resources such as images may still be loading. |
none |
Without waiting for page loading to finish. | Returns control earliest, but page content may not yet be ready for interaction. |
Use a faster strategy only when your test can handle the resulting state. A page reaching complete does not mean a JavaScript-heavy single-page application has finished its later dynamic work. Keep explicit waits for the elements or conditions your test actually needs; changing the navigation strategy is not a substitute for waiting on application behavior.
Rank #4
- Dual Converters, Infinite Potential：Includes 2× USB C male to USB A female adapters and 2× USB A male to USB C female adapters. Perfect for a wide range of uses—tablets with Bluetooth keyboards, expand USB ports on macbook, and more. Two different converters for all your daily needs
- Next-Level 10Gbps & 3A Charging: No more slow 480Mbps, this usb to usb c adapter has a transfer speed of up to 10Gbps, allowing you to do more transferring in less time. This usb adapter fits both USB A and USB C charger, supporting up to 3A fast charging
- Upgraded Exquisite Craftsmanship: With an aluminum alloy housing and metal connector, the usbc to usb adapter is extremely durable and sturdy. Rigorously tested to withstand more than 10,000 times of plugging and unplugging, ensuring long-lasting performance
- Broad Compatible: The usb c to usb adapter widely supports all USB C/ USB A devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, car chargers, and phone chargers. Such as compatible with MacBook Pro/Air 2023/2022, Thunderbolt 4/3 Devices,Apple MagSafe Watch 9/8/7/SE/Ultra, iPad Pro 2022/2021, Samsung Galaxy S23/S20/S10, and iPhone 17/16/15 Pro. Plug and play
- Please Note: To reach 10Gbps speed, keep the cable under 3.3 ft. For USB A Male to USB C adapters, try flipping the USB C connector. USB C Male to USB A adapters support bidirectional 10Gbps transfer within 3.3 ft
Pass browser-specific and provider-specific settings safely
Standard capabilities use the W3C names above. Browser-specific and remote-provider settings are extensions, so use the namespace and structure required by that browser or provider. Selenium’s migration documentation shows provider settings nested under a vendor key such as cloud:options; the actual prefix and accepted fields depend on the provider. Check the current documentation for your Grid or cloud service rather than placing an extension field at the top level and assuming it will be accepted.
Troubleshoot session creation and capability errors
- Session fails after migrating from Selenium 3: replace the DesiredCapabilities-centered setup with the matching browser Options class and pass it using the driver’s
optionsargument. - Remote endpoint rejects a capability: check whether it is a standard W3C capability or an extension. Correct old
version/platformspellings tobrowserVersion/platformName; put provider-specific settings in the provider’s required namespace. - No matching browser or session configuration is found: verify the requested browser name, exact version, operating-system platform, and that the remote endpoint actually supports that combination.
- A requested option is ignored or session negotiation fails: confirm the capability name and extension format against the current Grid or cloud-provider documentation. A field accepted by one provider may not be accepted by another.
- The test interacts before a page is ready: check the page-load strategy and add an explicit wait for the relevant element or application condition. Neither
normalnor the faster strategies guarantee that later dynamic application work has completed.
For Python API details, see Selenium’s Desired Capabilities API documentation for Selenium 4.49.0. It documents the API surface; use browser Options for new Selenium 4 session setup.
The Tool Desk
Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Outbyte PC Repair FREERepair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Best Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
- Transfer Files in Seconds: Move files to and from your laptop at speeds of up to 5 Gbps via the USB-C and USB-A data ports. Note: The USB C 5Gbps Data port does not support video output.
- HD Display: Connect to the HDMI port to stream or mirror content to an external monitor in resolutions of up to 4K@30Hz. Note: The USB-C ports do not support video output.
- What You Get: Anker 332 USB-C Hub (5-in-1), welcome guide, our worry-free 18-month warranty, and friendly customer service.
Or skip the browser setup
If your goal is a rendered website screenshot rather than browser automation or test interaction, ScreenshotNeo is a separate screenshot API and MCP server—not a Selenium driver or replacement for Selenium tests. One GET request can return a screenshot or PDF. Its capture flow can accept cookie banners and remove known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed. It also provides MCP tools for AI agents, including Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients.
Example cURL request:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card required; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Create a free ScreenshotNeo account.
Quick Recap
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
