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To preserve paddy seed for planting, start with clean, mature seed, dry it before sealing, and store it in a clean, airtight, moisture-proof container in a cool, dry place. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) gives 12–14% moisture as its drying range and says seed below 12% moisture is safe for storage. Because those figures describe different guidance, avoid sealing seed that is damp; use a suitable moisture meter where possible.
Prepare the seed before storage
Select and clean
Choose mature, full seed and remove trash and damaged grains. Seed for planting must retain viability; it is not interchangeable with paddy kept only for eating.
Dry, then cool
IRRI recommends drying seed to 12–14% moisture before storage. Its separate paddy equilibrium-moisture guidance describes seed below 12% as safe for storage. Treat these as distinct points: the fact sheet’s preparation range is not the same as the stated safe-storage threshold. If you can, check moisture with a suitable meter. The cited guidance does not provide a universal household method for measuring it accurately without one.
Drying time varies with weather, how much seed is spread out, and its starting moisture; the cited guidance gives no fixed home drying schedule. Let the seed cool and ensure it is dry before putting it in a sealed container. Sealing damp seed can trap moisture rather than make it safe.
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Choose a container and storage place
Use a clean container with a tight seal that limits moisture exchange, such as a glass jar with a tight lid for a small lot. IRRI recommends clean, sealed, airtight containers and warns that seed in non-airtight containers absorbs moisture and loses viability over time. In humid or rainy conditions, jute bags and clay or earthen pots can let paddy reabsorb moisture even when it was initially dried.
For specialized germplasm conservation, IRRI lists Kilner jars, foil packets, and metal cans as moisture-proof examples. That context is not a reason to apply germplasm-bank preparation or storage procedures to ordinary household seed.
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Label each container with the variety and packing date. Keep it closed in a cool, dry, clean location, and avoid opening it unnecessarily in humid air.
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IRRI says seed can be good for up to one year if stored properly. This is a conditional upper guideline, not a guarantee for every variety, initial seed quality, or home climate. Test a sample before planting rather than relying on the packing date alone.
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Test germination before sowing
IRRI’s paper test checks a representative sample of 100 seeds. The result is a useful viability screen, but it does not guarantee the same establishment in a field.
- Take a random sample of 100 seeds from the stored lot.
- Soak the seeds for 24 hours.
- Place them on moist paper towel or similar paper. Keep the paper moist, not waterlogged, in a closed container or plastic bag.
- Count how many have germinated after three days, then count again after five days.
- Calculate the percentage that germinated. IRRI considers at least 80% good seed.
Field emergence may be 70% or less of paper-test germination, according to IRRI, so account for the difference when planning a crop. A paper test measures germination under its test conditions, not field stand.
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What storage comparisons do—and do not—show
A 2025 Assam study summary in FAO AGRIS reports that Super Grain bags maintained lower moisture and improved germination by 11.2% compared with gunny bags during a five-month study. That figure belongs to that reported comparison and period; it should not be treated as a universal result for all bags or household conditions. Read the FAO AGRIS record.
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A 2022 Nepal study record lists seven compared materials—metal bin, plastic bin, Super Grain bag, PICS bag, plastic bag with jute sack, jute sack, and earthen pot—and measurements at one, three, and five months. The record does not provide the comparative results, so it cannot establish which performed best. Read the FAO AGRIS record.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Confusing grain and seed moisture guidance: IRRI distinguishes grain below 14% moisture from seed below 12% in its paddy equilibrium-moisture guidance. Do not use a grain-storage threshold as a seed-viability target. See IRRI’s paddy equilibrium-moisture guidance.
- Sealing seed while damp: dry and cool it first; an airtight container does not remove moisture already in the seed.
- Relying on breathable packaging in humid conditions: jute and earthen containers allow moisture exchange.
- Assuming a fixed shelf life: the up-to-one-year guidance depends on proper storage and does not guarantee viability.
- Assuming freezing is necessary: the cited IRRI germplasm material addresses long-term conservation and different preparation; it does not establish a need for freezer storage for ordinary short-term home use. See IRRI’s germplasm storage reference.
For regulated seed production, consult the relevant local agriculture authority; certification and treatment requirements depend on location.
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