The Tool Desk
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Why rotation can interrupt webhook delivery
A webhook signature is calculated using a secret shared by the sender and receiver. If the sender switches to a new secret while any receiver still verifies only with the old one, valid requests will fail authentication. The central safeguard is therefore a staged cutover: have the receiver accept both authorized keys before the sender begins using the replacement.
Overlap is provider-dependent. Svix documents a rotation approach in which deliveries are signed with both old and new keys for a period, after which the old key is retired. That is Svix guidance, not a guarantee that every webhook service offers dual signing. If a sender switches immediately and cannot overlap keys, coordinate the change using its documented controls and recovery options; a brief verification failure may not be avoidable.
How to rotate secrets safely
- Map the delivery path. List each webhook endpoint, environment, region, receiver instance, and secret store involved. Check the sender’s current documentation for whether two keys can be valid at once, whether it signs with both or switches immediately, how signatures are represented, and how long it retries or permits replay.
- Prepare the receiver first. Store the old and new secrets securely, scoped to the correct endpoint. Update verification so either currently authorized key can validate an incoming delivery during the overlap. Preserve signature, timestamp, and raw-body checks; rotation is not a reason to weaken verification.
- Deploy to every receiver instance. Ensure the new configuration reaches the whole fleet before changing the sender. Where the provider supports safe test deliveries, verify the receiver’s handling in staging or with controlled test events before the live cutover.
- Start the provider’s documented overlap or rotation. Follow the sender’s specific procedure. Confirm that real deliveries verify using the new key and that the old key remains accepted during the intended overlap. Header names and signature formats vary; do not assume another provider’s format applies.
- Monitor through the overlap. Watch signature-verification failures, acknowledgement status, retries, and receiver health. Set a bounded period that accounts for configuration propagation and in-flight or retried deliveries. There is no universal overlap duration established across providers.
- Retire the old key. Once the provider’s overlap has ended and the rollout is verified, remove the old key from receiver configuration and the sender. Do not leave it accepted indefinitely: an old signing secret remains a trust risk. If it is actively compromised, revoke it immediately, while accounting for possible disruption to receivers that have not been updated.
- Recover and deduplicate missed deliveries. After the receiver is healthy, use the provider’s delivery history and supported redelivery or replay features. Make event processing idempotent and deduplicate on a stable event or message ID, since retries can deliver an event more than once.
How to verify signatures during rotation
Verify the request as received, using the exact bytes covered by the provider’s signing scheme. For Svix, the signed content includes the message ID, timestamp, and raw request body; parsing JSON and serializing it again can change the bytes and invalidate a legitimate signature. During overlap, check signature candidates against the authorized active keys. A custom verifier should use constant-time comparison and accept only a valid match under one of those keys.
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Timestamp checks help limit replay risk, but rely on synchronized clocks. Svix says its libraries reject timestamps more than five minutes before or after the current time; confirm the actual tolerance in the provider library you use rather than treating that setting as universal. Keep receiver clocks synchronized.
Keep secrets in an access-controlled secret store, never log their values, and make sure deployment changes reach every receiver. GitHub’s webhook guidance recommends a high-entropy random secret, secure storage, HTTPS, and SSL verification.
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How long should the old secret remain accepted?
Use the sender’s documented grace period and retry or replay window, along with the time needed for configuration to propagate. The available provider guidance does not establish one duration suitable for every service. For example, Svix’s Go API documentation says the previous secret remains valid for 24 hours after rotation for operational webhook endpoints. Do not apply that duration to other providers or assume it covers every Svix endpoint type.
At the other end of the delivery path, acknowledge promptly and make sure the event is durably recorded before returning success if downstream work will happen asynchronously. GitHub recommends a 2XX response within 10 seconds. Svix gives 15 seconds as an example of a reasonable response timeframe. These are provider-specific examples, not a shared timeout standard.
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What to compare when choosing a webhook sender
| Capability | What to establish |
|---|---|
| Concurrent keys | Can old and new secrets both be valid, and does the sender sign with both during the overlap or switch immediately? |
| Signature identification | How are signature versions represented in headers, and how should the receiver check multiple candidates? |
| Grace period | What is the maximum or configurable overlap, and what action ends it? |
| Retries and replay | What is the retry schedule and window? Can failed deliveries be inspected and redelivered, and are there replay constraints? |
| Deduplication and visibility | Does each delivery have a stable ID? How long are delivery logs retained, and can failures be investigated? |
| Secret operations | How are secrets scoped, stored, rotated across environments, and propagated to receiver instances? |
These questions align with Svix’s infrastructure guidance, which calls out retry schedules and windows, timeouts, signing and rotation, log retention, and replay when evaluating webhook infrastructure.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Provider-specific considerations
Svix
Svix’s published rotation approach uses dual signing during an overlap. Its receiving guide describes space-delimited, versioned signatures, and its Go API documentation specifies 24-hour validity for a previous secret after rotation of operational webhook endpoints. Check the current instructions for the exact endpoint type and integration you use.
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GitHub’s best-practices guidance covers high-entropy secrets, secure storage, HTTPS, prompt acknowledgements, and recovery through redelivery. The cited guidance does not document an overlap rotation workflow, so do not assume GitHub supports dual-key signing. GitHub says a redelivery retains the same X-GitHub-Delivery value, which can support deduplication.
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