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Stop what you are doing, leave the object exactly where it is, and contact the heritage or archaeology authority responsible for the place where you found it. Everything else, including deadlines, ownership and who you call, depends on where you are and what you found. This guide gives the steps that official guidance has in common, then shows how the rules differ in British Columbia, Finland, Queensland, New South Wales, and England and Wales.
What to do first: five steps that apply almost everywhere
1. Pause the activity
If you uncovered the find while digging, building, gardening or doing other groundwork, stop nearby work that could affect it while you get guidance. Queensland’s government explicitly tells finders of potentially important non-Indigenous archaeological artefacts to stop work.
2. Leave the context intact
An object’s position in the ground or water is part of the evidence. Do not dig for more, clean the object, dismantle a structure, probe the surroundings or lift anything from water. The Province of British Columbia (guidance last updated January 27, 2026) says: “Please do not disturb any archaeological finds or remains that you may encounter.” The Finnish Heritage Agency says: “Do not dig at the site to uncover additional finds,” and adds that underwater structures and objects should not be dug, moved, dismantled or lifted.
3. Document without handling
Only if it is safe and requires moving nothing:
- Note the date and the precise location.
- Write down what is visible, in plain terms.
- Photograph the find in place, then the surrounding landscape so the authority can see the context.
Finnish and New South Wales guidance both recommend photographs and a record of location and context. Do not place an object on a table “for a better photo” – the photo should show it as found.
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4. Contact the responsible authority
Search for the government archaeology, heritage or cultural heritage office for the place where the discovery occurred, and use its official reporting channel. Give a concise description, the location, the date and photographs if requested. Examples: Finland uses the Finnish Heritage Agency’s Ilppari reporting and feedback service; British Columbia directs people to its Archaeology Branch.
5. Treat suspected human remains as urgent
Do not touch or disturb them. In British Columbia, the province says it notifies the Coroner’s Office and local police. Elsewhere, follow the local authority’s instructions; if you cannot quickly identify the right office, local police are a sensible starting point, though that is general common sense rather than a rule drawn from the guidance cited here.
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Why the right office and deadline depend on where you are
Reporting channels, legal duties and time limits differ by country, state or province, and by category of find: human remains, Aboriginal cultural heritage, historic relics, treasure and wreck material can each follow a different process. The examples below show the range. Do not carry one place’s deadline over to another.
| Jurisdiction | Who to contact | Stop work? | Time limit stated |
|---|---|---|---|
| British Columbia, Canada | Archaeology Branch; suspected human remains reported immediately (province notifies Coroner’s Office and local police) | Do not disturb finds; sites are protected and may not be altered without a permit | Not stated |
| Finland | Finnish Heritage Agency via Ilppari | Do not dig further to uncover more | Not stated |
| Queensland, Australia (potentially important non-Indigenous artefact) | Queensland Government, using its notification form | Yes, stop work | Do not disturb the site for 20 working days unless written permission is given |
| New South Wales, Australia (Aboriginal cultural heritage) | Local Aboriginal Land Council or Local Land Services | Do not disturb or remove objects | Not stated |
| England and Wales (treasure) | Local Finds Liaison Officer | Not stated | 14 days |
| England and Wales (wreck material) | Separate wreck reporting process (GOV.UK) | Not stated | 28 days |
British Columbia
Under the Heritage Conservation Act, archaeological sites on public and private land are protected whether or not they are already known, and must not be altered without a permit. The province asks people to contact it about possible sites or artifacts, and to report suspected human remains immediately.
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Finland
The Finnish Heritage Agency asks finders to record their observations and photographs, avoid digging, and report through Ilppari.
Queensland
For an artefact potentially important to Queensland’s non-Indigenous history, the government says to stop work, contact it immediately, submit its notification form, and not disturb the site for 20 working days unless it gives written permission. That period is specific to this category in Queensland; it is not a general rule elsewhere.
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New South Wales
For Aboriginal cultural heritage, guidance says not to disturb or remove objects; record the position, take photographs and write a description; then contact the Local Aboriginal Land Council or Local Land Services. Historical relics follow a separate notification process under the Heritage Act 1977.
England and Wales
GOV.UK says treasure must be reported to a local Finds Liaison Officer within 14 days, and wreck material has its own 28-day reporting window. The page notes that Scotland and Northern Ireland have different rules. These deadlines apply to the named categories, not to every archaeological find.
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Handling sensitive details
- Give accurate location details to the authority. The official guidance reviewed asks for location and context so specialists can assess the find.
- Be cautious about public posting. Posting precise coordinates on social media could expose a vulnerable site to looting. The sources reviewed give no universal public-disclosure rule, so ask the authority what it prefers.
- Respect culturally sensitive material. Where the find may relate to Indigenous or Aboriginal heritage, use the culturally appropriate channel, such as the Local Aboriginal Land Council in New South Wales.
- No special equipment is needed. A phone camera is enough. Do not buy or use metal detectors, cleaning products or recovery tools in response to a find.
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