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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsTo increase a 5 MSPS SAR ADC’s in-band dynamic range, take samples at the converter’s high rate, average blocks of samples, and decimate to the lower output rate your signal bandwidth allows. Ideally, oversampling by a factor of OSR improves dynamic range by 10 × log10(OSR) dB. The gain is limited in practice by noise across the complete signal chain, particularly low-frequency and 1/f noise.
How oversampling and averaging improve dynamic range
A precision SAR ADC can sample much faster than the bandwidth needed for a particular measurement. If the signal of interest occupies only a fraction of that sampling bandwidth, the extra conversions can be averaged to reduce the noise remaining in the retained bandwidth.
For an oversampling ratio (OSR) of N, collect N conversions, sum them, and divide by N to produce one output sample. This averaging and rate reduction is decimation. The ideal dynamic-range improvement is:
ΔDR = 10 × log10(OSR) dB
For example, OSR 4 gives an ideal improvement of about 6 dB, commonly described as roughly one additional bit. This is an improvement in in-band noise performance—not a change to the ADC’s static linearity or nominal code width.
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Choose an OSR that fits the signal bandwidth and update rate
Increasing OSR lowers the output data rate and usable signal bandwidth. Choose the ratio based on how quickly the measurement must update and how much bandwidth the signal requires; the largest available ratio is not automatically the best choice.
Analog Devices’ AN-1279 describes evaluation software with averaging ratios up to 256 for the AD7960 and AD7961. At OSR 256, a 5 MSPS input stream produces approximately 19.53 kSPS: 5,000,000 conversions per second divided by 256. That output rate is close to the point where the note says low-frequency noise begins to dominate.
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What AN-1279 reports for the AD7960 and AD7961
AN-1279 examines the 18-bit AD7960 and 16-bit AD7961, both described in the note as 5 MSPS precision SAR converters. With a 5 V reference and OSR 256, the note starts from typical dynamic-range figures of 100 dB for the AD7960 and 96 dB for the AD7961. The ideal OSR contribution is 24 dB.
| Converter | Nominal resolution | Typical dynamic range cited by AN-1279 | Measured no-input dynamic range at OSR 256 | Measured oversampled SNR with a 1 kHz full-scale sine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD7960 | 18-bit | 100 dB | 123 dB at 19.53 kSPS | About 112 dB |
| AD7961 | 16-bit | 96 dB | 120 dB at 19.53 kSPS | About 111 dB |
The measurements are Analog Devices’ reported results in AN-1279, not an independent replication. The measured no-input dynamic ranges are 1 dB to 2 dB below the theoretical estimate. The sine-wave SNR figures describe a different test condition and should not be treated as the no-input dynamic-range measurements.
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Why measured improvement falls short of the ideal
The ideal equation assumes the noise being averaged behaves in a way that allows averaging to reduce it. In a real converter system, the signal source, analog components, and printed circuit board all contribute noise. At sufficiently low output rates, low-frequency noise—including 1/f noise—can dominate, limiting the benefit of further averaging.
AN-1279 specifically notes that 1/f noise begins to dominate below 20 kSPS. Its OSR 256 example runs at about 19.53 kSPS, so it operates in the region where the theoretical gain is difficult to realize fully. This is why the system’s noise spectrum matters as much as the ADC’s nominal resolution.
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When SAR oversampling is useful
Oversampling can suit measurements that need high dynamic range but not the ADC’s full 5 MSPS output bandwidth. AN-1279 names spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gas chromatography, vibration, oil and gas exploration, and seismic systems as application examples.
The note contrasts this approach with sigma-delta converters, which commonly integrate filtering and decimation but are generally less suited to fast channel switching. That is a broad comparison rather than a rule for every converter; selection depends on the specific device and system requirements.
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Practical design checks
- Set the bandwidth first: Determine the signal bandwidth and required output update rate, then select an OSR that supports both.
- Average and decimate consistently: Form each output from the intended block of high-rate conversions by summing and dividing by the OSR.
- Evaluate the whole signal chain: Include input-source noise, analog circuitry, and PCB layout when assessing achievable dynamic range.
- Check low-rate noise: If a higher OSR pushes the output rate below 20 kSPS, AN-1279’s warning about 1/f noise is especially relevant.
- Keep the performance claim specific: The AD7960 and AD7961 figures above are measurements reported in Analog Devices’ application note under its stated conditions, not guaranteed gains for other converters or designs.
Sources
- Analog Devices AN-1279: How to Oversample 5 MSPS, 18-Bit/16-Bit Precision SAR Converters to Increase Dynamic Range, by Maithil Pachchigar.
- Analog Devices: Increase Dynamic Range of SAR ADCs Using Oversampling, by Maithil Pachchigar, dated June 1, 2015.
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