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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesA practical Sanity event model usually uses four document types: Event, Venue, Speaker, and Session. Connect them with references when records need independent identity or reuse; use inline objects for details that belong only to one parent. The right boundaries depend on how your team creates, reuses, publishes, and queries event content.
Choose document boundaries around identity and workflow
Sanity documents are not limited to content that becomes a standalone page. A speaker or venue can deserve its own document because editors may update it independently, reuse it, or query it separately. Sanity describes schemas as models that should reflect an organization’s business reality in its schema introduction.
Use a separate document when a concept needs stable identity, reuse, independent editing or publication, or queries in its own right. Keep a value inline when it belongs to one parent and has no meaningful independent lifecycle—for example, a one-off contact block or a historical address snapshot retained with an event.
A practical four-document model
| Document | Typical fields | Relationship role |
|---|---|---|
| Event | Title, slug, summary or description, start and end datetimes | Can reference a venue when one venue hosts the whole event; can own an ordered array of session references |
| Venue | Name, address, timezone, accessibility details, optional map or location data | Referenced by an event or by individual sessions |
| Speaker | Name, biography, portrait, optional links or organization | Referenced by sessions; reusable across events |
| Session | Title, abstract, start and end datetimes | References its venue and an array of speakers; referenced by an event agenda |
These are common modeling proposals, not fields Sanity requires. If one venue hosts an entire event, an event-level venue reference is convenient. If sessions take place in different rooms or locations, make the event-level venue optional or designate it as the primary venue, and put the actual venue reference on each session.
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Connect records with references and arrays
Sanity uses the reference field type to link documents. An array of references represents a one-to-many relationship, and references may also appear inside objects and arrays. See Sanity’s reference documentation and connected content guidance.
Let the event own agenda order
An event with an ordered array of session references makes the agenda’s sequence explicit in the event document. This works well when the agenda is curated as part of the event. Sessions remain separately editable, while the event controls which sessions appear and in what order.
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Let sessions point to speakers and venues
A session’s speaker array and venue reference express who is speaking and where the session takes place. Keeping speakers and venues separate avoids duplicating biographies, portraits, or venue details when those records are reused.
Use relationship objects when the link needs its own data
If a speaker’s role or display order is specific to one session, the relationship itself carries information. Model the array entries as objects containing a speaker reference plus fields such as role or order, rather than adding session-specific facts to the reusable speaker record. Sanity arrays can mix references and object members, as described in the array documentation.
Choose strong or weak references intentionally
Strong references enforce that a target document exists; weak references can point to a target that is not present or has been deleted. Prefer strong references when a published record must not point to a missing target. Use weak references only when the editorial and cleanup workflow deliberately allows that state. Sanity explains the distinction in its reference documentation.
When an embedded agenda is a better fit
An inline agenda can be simpler if sessions are never reused, do not need independent editing or publication, and are always managed only as part of their event. Separate session documents are preferable when sessions need stable identity, independent editorial status, reuse across events, or queries from other records. References are bidirectional and indexed for querying from either side, according to Sanity’s connected content guidance.
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Make the choice against the actual workflow: embedding can make parent editing convenient, while separate documents support independent management and incoming-reference queries. Moving from one approach to another later can require data migration, so consider the identity and reuse expectations before fixing the model.
Model dates, time zones, and multi-day agendas
Store exact session start and end times
Use datetime fields for session starts and ends. Store or derive an IANA timezone for venues when local display, daylight-saving behavior, or travel planning matters. Sanity provides date and datetime field types, but its schema guidance does not prescribe an event-specific timezone policy; decide whether times are stored as absolute instants, displayed in venue-local time, or both.
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Wrap each day in an object for a nested agenda
Sanity arrays cannot directly contain arrays. For a multi-day agenda represented inside one document, use an array of day objects, each with its own sessions array. If each day has independent identity or lifecycle, consider making days documents instead. Sanity’s array-of-array help article describes the object-wrapper approach.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Illustrative TypeScript schema
This sketch shows the event-to-session and session-to-speaker/venue relationships. Adapt field names and validation to your project; it is illustrative, not a complete tested Studio schema.
import {defineArrayMember, defineField, defineType} from 'sanity'
export const event = defineType({
name: 'event',
type: 'document',
fields: [
defineField({name: 'title', type: 'string', validation: rule => rule.required()}),
defineField({name: 'slug', type: 'slug', options: {source: 'title'}}),
defineField({name: 'startsAt', type: 'datetime'}),
defineField({name: 'endsAt', type: 'datetime'}),
defineField({
name: 'sessions',
type: 'array',
of: [defineArrayMember({type: 'reference', to: [{type: 'session'}]})],
}),
],
})
export const session = defineType({
name: 'session',
type: 'document',
fields: [
defineField({name: 'title', type: 'string'}),
defineField({name: 'startsAt', type: 'datetime'}),
defineField({name: 'endsAt', type: 'datetime'}),
defineField({name: 'venue', type: 'reference', to: [{type: 'venue'}]}),
defineField({
name: 'speakers',
type: 'array',
of: [defineArrayMember({type: 'reference', to: [{type: 'speaker'}]})],
}),
],
})Define the venue and speaker document types as well, then register all types in the Studio’s schema.types configuration. Sanity’s current schema definition guide shows document type definitions, required-field validation, and registration. Its schema introduction recommends organizing reusable definitions and registering them together.
Quick Recap
Review the model before implementation
- Can a speaker or venue be reused or edited independently? If yes, give it its own document.
- Does the event control agenda order? If yes, keep an ordered session-reference array on the event.
- Does a session have its own schedule, venue, speakers, or editorial status? If yes, make it a document.
- Does a relationship need role, ordering, or other context unique to that pairing? Put that information on an object in the relationship array.
- Must published records always point to existing documents? Use strong references unless the workflow intentionally tolerates missing targets.
- Does a repeated structure require nested arrays? Wrap the inner array in an object or promote the repeated item to a document.
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