Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsPlace a dollar sign directly before the part of a cell reference you want to keep fixed: use $A1 to lock column A, A$1 to lock row 1, or $A$1 to lock both. A reference such as A1 has no dollar signs, so its row and column can adjust when you copy or fill the formula.
Choose which part of the reference to lock
Excel references have two coordinates: a column letter and a row number. A dollar sign fixes the coordinate immediately after it; the other coordinate remains relative and can change as the formula moves.
| Reference | What stays fixed | What can adjust when copied |
|---|---|---|
A1 |
Nothing | Column and row |
$A$1 |
Column A and row 1 | Nothing |
$A1 |
Column A | Row |
A$1 |
Row 1 | Column |
Microsoft calls $A$1 an absolute reference and $A1 and A$1 mixed references. For example, if a formula is copied two cells down and two cells right, $A$1 remains $A$1, A$1 becomes C$1, $A1 becomes $A3, and A1 becomes C3. See Microsoft’s explanation of relative, absolute, and mixed references.
How to add dollar signs to a formula reference
- Select the cell containing the formula, then edit the formula in the cell or formula bar.
- In the reference, put
$directly before the column letter, row number, or both, depending on what must stay fixed. - Copy or fill the formula in the intended direction and check that only the unlocked part of the reference changes.
For example, use $A1 when a formula should keep using column A while moving down through different rows. Use A$1 when it should keep using row 1 while moving across columns. Use $A$1 when the formula should always refer to that same cell. The right choice depends on the direction the formula will move and which coordinate must remain unchanged.
#1 Best Overall
- Over 215 Microsoft Windows Excel Shortcuts
- Two-Sided Durable Laminiated Sheet
- Designed for Excel on a Windows Computer
Use F4 to switch reference types in desktop Excel
Microsoft’s support instructions for supported desktop versions of Excel say to select the cell containing the formula, select the reference in the formula bar, and press F4 to switch among reference types. The shortcut is not universal: Microsoft’s formula-tips guidance excludes Excel for the web from this tip. If F4 does not cycle the reference in your version or setup, edit the dollar signs directly. See Microsoft’s formula tips and tricks.
Dollar signs in references are not currency formatting
In a reference such as $A$1, dollar signs control whether the column and row shift when the formula is copied; they do not format a number as currency. Microsoft advises entering an unformatted number in the formula and formatting the result as currency when appropriate. See Microsoft’s guidance on avoiding broken formulas.
Quick Recap
Best Value
- 💻 ✔️ EVERY ESSENTIAL SHORTCUT - With the SYNERLOGIC Reference Keyboard Shortcut Sticker, you have the most important shortcuts conveniently placed right in front of you. Easily learn new shortcuts and always be able to quickly lookup commands without the need to “Google” it.
- 💻✔️ Work FASTER and SMARTER - Quick tips at your fingertips! This tool makes it easy to learn how to use your computer much faster and makes your workflow increase exponentially. It’s perfect for any age or skill level, students or seniors, at home, or in the office.
- 💻 ✔️ New adhesive – stronger hold. It may leave a light residue when removed, but this wipes off easily with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Fewer air bubbles – for the smoothest finish, don’t peel off the entire backing at once. Instead, fold back a small section, line it up, and press gradually as you peel more. The “peel-and-stick-all-at-once” method only works for thin decals, not for stickers like ours.
- 💻 ✔️ Compatible and fits any brand laptop or desktop running Windows 10 or 11 Operating System.
- 💻 ✔️ Original Design and Production by Synerlogic Electronics, San Diego, CA, Boca Raton, FL and Bay City, MI, United States 2020. All rights reserved, any commercial reproduction without permission is punishable by all applicable laws.
Rank #4
- Efficient Media Controls: The Wired Keyboard 600, designed by Microsoft, features a Media Center with four hot keys for easy control of play/pause, volume up, volume down, and mute functions.
- Quiet and Responsive Keys: Enjoy a comfortable typing experience with quiet, thin-profile keys that are both responsive and efficient.
- Convenient Shortcuts: Quickly access common tasks with dedicated shortcut keys, including a calculator hot key and a Windows start screen key.
- Spill-Resistant Design: Work confidently with a spill-resistant design that protects your keyboard from accidental messes.
- Plug-and-Play Simplicity: No software needed—just connect the keyboard to your PC and start using it right away, with a full number pad for efficient data entry.
Rank #3
- EXCEL SHORTCUTS. ZERO SEARCHING. – Our bestselling reference mat puts an extensive collection of commonly used commands, formulas and helpful tricks directly beneath your fingertips so you can find answers fast, work smarter and stay in the flow.
- YOUR DESK. SMARTER. – Clearly organized sections for navigation, selection, formatting, data and functions make it easy to find the right Excel command exactly when you need it.
- LEARN, WORK & RESET – Built-in desk-exercise diagrams give you 10 quick ways to stretch, recharge and return to work feeling sharper.
- ROOM TO WORK & CREATE – The extended 31.5 x 11.8-inch Pixiecube desk mat fits a laptop or keyboard and mouse, while the soft 2 mm surface adds comfort and protects your desktop.
- BUILT FOR REAL-WORLD WORKDAYS – A rugged stitched edge helps prevent fraying, and the water-resistant, stain-resistant surface protects against scratches, spills and everyday wear—because smarter desks should work harder.
Rank #2
- Instant Copilot. Unlock new possibilities with the dedicated Copilot key, which gives you instant access to experiences that can enhance your productivity¹.
- Enhance your experience With the new microphone mute key and snipping key
- Full keyboard experience. Features a full mechanical keyset, backlit keys, and a large trackpad for precise navigation and control. Optimal key spacing allows fast, fluid typing.
- Slim and compact Performs like a traditional, full-size keyboard.
- Clicks in place instantly Use in combination with the Surface Pro (11th Edition), Pro 9 and Pro 8* kickstand for a perfect laptop experience anywhere.
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.
