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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteEvaluate a junior miner’s exploration potential by tracing its claims back to current technical disclosure, checking the quality and continuity of the geological evidence, testing the assumptions behind any resource or study, and confirming the company can retain and fund the project. Drill results and resource estimates are evidence to assess—not proof of a mine or a guarantee of investment value.
Start with the project, the company’s rights, and the report date
Before weighing geology, identify exactly which property the company is discussing and what interest it holds in it. A nearby mine or an adjacent property can help explain the regional setting, but it is not evidence about ground the issuer does not own or control. NI 43-101 defines an adjacent property as one in which the issuer has no interest.
- Confirm the issuer’s ownership, option or earn-in interest, and the jurisdictions where the property lies.
- Look for royalties, streams, work commitments, option expiry dates, and other obligations that may limit the company’s share of future value or require spending to preserve its rights.
- Find the filed mining technical report for the property. Record its effective date, the property and interest it covers, its authors, and any relevant expertise or site-inspection information disclosed.
Under Canada’s NI 43-101, the technical report effective date is the date of the most recent scientific or technical information included in it. Compare that date with later company filings and news releases. A report can be technically sound yet no longer reflect material subsequent drilling, a changed project interest, or updated assumptions. NI 43-101 is a Canadian disclosure instrument; disclosure requirements depend on the issuer and jurisdiction. The U.S. SEC has its own mining disclosure rules and guidance.
Reconcile company headlines with technical disclosure
Read the report alongside later releases rather than treating a headline or investor presentation as the complete record. The report should let you understand what work was done, how data were obtained and checked, what the interpretation rests on, and what work is recommended next. Under SEC guidance, specified technical report summaries are required in defined circumstances, and qualified persons are responsible for supporting information within the applicable disclosure framework.
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Keep three categories separate as you read:
- Issuer-reported fact: what the company disclosed, such as an assay result, drill interval, or estimate.
- Technical interpretation: what the report’s authors infer from the reported evidence, such as the geometry or continuity of mineralization.
- Unresolved question: what the available disclosure does not establish, such as whether mineralization continues between holes or whether a project can be permitted and financed.
Check whether subsequent disclosures materially change the report’s conclusions. If a promotional summary makes a stronger claim than the underlying technical document supports, use the technical disclosure as the basis for your assessment.
Judge the geological case and the drill results
A striking assay interval is only one observation. Its meaning depends on where and how the hole was drilled, the geology around it, how samples were collected and analyzed, and whether other results support a coherent interpretation. NI 43-101’s exploration-information scope includes geological, geophysical and geochemical information, sampling, drilling, analytical testing, assays, mineralogical work, and metallurgical testing.
Check the deposit model and continuity
- Does the proposed deposit model fit the host rocks, structures, alteration, and observed mineralization?
- Do multiple holes support a consistent geometry, or is the interpretation based on isolated intercepts?
- How do drill spacing, hole orientation, depth, and the shape of the mineralized zone affect the interpretation?
- Are reported intervals representative of the wider zone, and does the report explain how they relate to true width?
Do not compare two intercepts on grade alone. Consider interval length, true width where established, geometry, depth, host geology, the cut-off assumptions used to define the interval, and the results across the whole drilling program. A high-grade intercept does not, by itself, prove that mineralization is continuous or that it can be mined economically.
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Look for sampling, assay, and verification details
Review the technical documents for how samples were collected, prepared, analyzed, and checked. Look for the laboratory and the quality-control procedures described, along with any limitations or failed checks. NI 43-101 defines data verification as confirming that data were generated using proper procedures, accurately transcribed, and suitable for use. Verification matters because a geological interpretation is only as dependable as the data supporting it.
Keep exploration results, resources, and reserves distinct
Exploration results are not a mineral resource or a reserve. A resource estimate reflects a geological interpretation and a level of confidence; it does not mean all estimated material is recoverable, economic, or legally mineable.
The SEC’s mining disclosure guide describes inferred, indicated, and measured resources in increasing order of geological confidence. Inferred is the least certain category. The CRIRSCO-based definitions reproduced in a filed technical report describe an inferred resource as based on limited evidence and sampling, and say it must not be converted directly into a reserve. No resource category guarantees that material will be upgraded or ultimately mined.
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A reserve is an economically mineable part of a measured or indicated resource after applying relevant modifying factors and study work. Those factors include mining and processing, economic and market assumptions, legal rights, environmental and social considerations, government requirements, and other project constraints. A resource estimate alone is not a reserve determination.
Test the economics behind a resource or study
Do not treat a large resource figure or a positive-sounding project summary as a complete economic case. Identify the study type and date, then examine the assumptions that shape its results. SEC guidance says an initial assessment considers technical and economic factors, including an estimated cut-off grade based on assumed costs and commodity prices; the qualified person discloses and explains the selected price and material assumptions.
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- Cut-off grade: What grade threshold separates material included in the estimate from material excluded, and what costs and price assumptions support it?
- Recovery and processing: What recovery assumptions and metallurgical evidence are disclosed? Are the proposed processing methods supported by testing?
- Costs and fiscal terms: What mining, processing, infrastructure, and capital and operating costs are included? Are taxes, royalties, and other material terms addressed?
- Sensitivity: Does the study show how the case changes if prices, recovery, costs, or other important assumptions move unfavorably?
Study stage matters: early-stage assumptions provide less support for a claim of economic viability than detailed study work. Check what the study actually establishes rather than carrying its conclusions forward as if they were guaranteed outcomes.
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Assess project constraints and the company’s ability to advance
Geological potential has limited practical value if the company cannot secure access, satisfy project requirements, or finance the next work. Review project constraints and issuer capacity as separate parts of the assessment.
Project and jurisdiction risks
- Permits, land access, legal title, and government requirements in the relevant jurisdiction.
- Roads and other infrastructure, plus water and power needs.
- Metallurgy and processing requirements, and whether the work completed supports the proposed route.
- Environmental baseline work, community relationships, and relevant social considerations.
These are not interchangeable risks: an attractive geological model does not resolve title, permitting, infrastructure, environmental, or social questions. Check current issuer disclosures and jurisdictional records for project-specific facts.
Funding, obligations, and the next milestone
Compare the company’s current cash and committed funding with its proposed exploration budget and next milestones. Review likely financing timing, outstanding obligations to retain the property, and the possibility of dilution if more capital is needed. A runway threshold cannot be applied universally; the relevant question is whether this issuer can fund the stated work and meet its commitments on the disclosed terms.
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Compare projects on the same evidence axes
When comparing junior miners, use consistent categories instead of ranking projects by one headline grade, resource size, or promotional claim.
| Axis | What to compare | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Evidence quality | Sampling and assay disclosure, data verification, drill density, and geological continuity | Shows how much confidence the interpretation deserves. |
| Stage and confidence | Exploration results, inferred, indicated, or measured resource, and study stage | These categories and study levels carry different geological confidence and economic support. |
| Economic assumptions | Commodity price, cut-off grade, recovery, costs, and sensitivity | Different assumptions can materially change the apparent project economics. |
| Project constraints | Mining and processing requirements, infrastructure, legal, environmental, social, and government factors | These modifying factors affect whether a project can advance and whether a resource can support a reserve. |
| Company capacity | Property interest, obligations, cash, planned work, and financing needs | The issuer needs to retain rights and fund work for geological potential to progress. |
Use a first-pass due-diligence checklist
- Identify the property, the issuer’s interest, its obligations, and the applicable jurisdictions.
- Locate the filed technical report; note its effective date and compare it with later disclosures.
- Trace drill and sampling claims to the underlying geological interpretation, assay information, and verification details.
- Classify each claim correctly as an exploration result, resource estimate, study conclusion, or reserve.
- Inspect the assumptions and study stage behind any economic claim.
- Review project constraints and compare funding with the stated next work and property commitments.
The SEC’s qualified-person definition includes a minimum of five years of relevant experience. That is a regulatory qualification threshold, not a measure of exploration success, a guarantee of report quality, or a predictor of investment returns.
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