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For a Cloudflare-proxied website, hybrid post-quantum key agreement is already supported on visitor-to-Cloudflare TLS 1.3 connections when the visitor’s client supports it. To enable it for the separate Cloudflare-to-origin connection, open SSL/TLS > Overview > Origin connection & post-quantum encryption and make sure Automatic key exchange is on. Then verify the negotiated key exchange: the setting alone does not prove that a particular origin handshake used post-quantum key agreement.
Understand which TLS connection you want to protect
A proxied website uses two separate TLS connections: one from a visitor’s browser or client to Cloudflare’s edge, and another from Cloudflare to your origin server. They negotiate independently, so enabling or verifying post-quantum key agreement on one leg does not establish that it is active on the other.
| Connection | What determines post-quantum key agreement |
|---|---|
| Visitor to Cloudflare | The client must support the hybrid key exchange. Cloudflare says it has supported hybrid post-quantum key agreement for websites and APIs it serves over TLS 1.3 since October 2022; its product documentation lists X25519MLKEM768 for inbound TLS 1.3. Cloudflare’s PQC overview and PQC in Cloudflare products. |
| Cloudflare to origin | The origin must support the relevant hybrid group, and the zone’s TLS compliance requirements must permit it. Cloudflare’s Automatic key exchange setting selects a preferred key share based on scans. Automatic key exchange to origins. |
The hybrid group Cloudflare documents for automatic post-quantum selection is X25519MLKEM768. It combines conventional X25519 key agreement with ML-KEM, adding a post-quantum component while retaining the classical component. This is key agreement, not a change to the website’s certificate or a claim that the connection uses post-quantum signatures.
Enable Automatic key exchange for the origin
- Confirm the hostname is proxied. The origin setting concerns Cloudflare’s connection to the origin for proxied traffic; it does not configure a visitor’s direct connection to an unproxied server.
- Open the setting. In the Cloudflare dashboard, go to SSL/TLS > Overview > Origin connection & post-quantum encryption.
- Check Automatic key exchange. Cloudflare documents it as enabled for existing zones and on by default for new zones. Turn it on if it is off. It controls scanning and preferred key-share selection; compliance requirements also affect which TLS 1.3 key agreements are allowed. See Cloudflare’s origin key-exchange documentation.
- Check origin compatibility. The origin’s TLS implementation must be able to negotiate
X25519MLKEM768. The setting applies across the zone, so consider the TLS capabilities of the origin endpoints serving its proxied hostnames.
Cloudflare may use a TLS HelloRetryRequest if an origin asks for another key share that the client advertised. That can add a round trip. A setting being enabled means Cloudflare can select and attempt the preferred exchange when conditions allow; it is not proof that every connection to every origin negotiates the hybrid group.
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Verify what the handshake negotiated
Check the public hostname with Cloudflare Radar
Use Cloudflare Radar’s Post-Quantum TLS check for the public hostname. Review the reported negotiated key exchange and post-quantum status, along with any relevant indicators for split ClientHello, unknown key share, or HelloRetryRequest failures. A result describes the tested host and connection conditions; it does not prove that all clients or all origin connections use the same negotiation.
Cloudflare also documents an API endpoint for checking Post-Quantum TLS support: Check Post-Quantum TLS support. Use the returned key-exchange and PQ status to distinguish support from a successful post-quantum negotiation.
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Test a directly reachable origin
If you can connect directly to the origin, Cloudflare’s documented BoringSSL example is:
bssl client -connect <YOUR_ORIGIN>:443 -curves X25519MLKEM768
Replace <YOUR_ORIGIN> with the origin hostname or address. In the handshake output, check whether the ECDHE curve is named X25519MLKEM768. This direct test checks the origin’s ability to negotiate the group; it is not, by itself, evidence of what Cloudflare negotiated for a live proxied request. See Cloudflare’s origin guide.
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Troubleshoot failed or inconsistent negotiation
The hybrid key share makes the ClientHello larger. Cloudflare warns that some origin servers and middleboxes may mishandle a split or fragmented ClientHello. The relevant path can include the origin server, firewall, load balancer, or other TLS-inspecting or traffic-handling equipment. Cloudflare’s explanation of post-quantum TLS between Cloudflare and origin servers describes the larger ClientHello and retry behavior.
- Radar reports no post-quantum negotiation: Check whether the result is for the intended proxied hostname and whether the report identifies the visitor-to-edge or origin-side behavior you are investigating. Then check origin group support and the zone’s permitted TLS key agreements.
- A split ClientHello or unknown key share appears: Investigate handling by the origin and intermediate network equipment. These indicators can point to compatibility problems rather than a dashboard toggle that failed to save.
- HelloRetryRequest is involved: The origin may request another advertised key share. This can allow negotiation to continue, but it adds a round trip; investigate a failure if the retry cannot be completed.
If the origin cannot yet provide a compatible public TLS endpoint, Cloudflare documents a Tunnel option for post-quantum key agreement on the TLS 1.3 connection between cloudflared and Cloudflare. That describes the tunnel leg, not post-quantum signatures for authentication. See Cloudflare’s post-quantum origin documentation.
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Keep key agreement separate from authentication
Post-quantum key agreement is intended to address the risk of encrypted traffic being captured now and decrypted later if future technology can break conventional key exchange. It does not mean the origin has a post-quantum certificate or that every party is authenticated with a post-quantum signature. Cloudflare documents ML-DSA certificate support separately for Authenticated Origin Pulls and Custom Origin Trust Store; those options concern authentication, not the Automatic key exchange setting. See Cloudflare’s PQC product support documentation.
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