To create a measure in Power BI Desktop, select the table where you want it organized, choose New measure, enter a name and DAX formula in the formula bar, and press Enter. Then add the measure to a visual and check how it responds to the report’s filters and slicers.
Create a measure in Power BI Desktop
- Open your report in Power BI Desktop and switch to Report, Table, or Model view.
- In the Fields or Data pane, right-click the table that should contain the measure, or open its more-options menu, and select New measure. Alternatively, select the table and choose New measure in the ribbon’s Calculations group. Choosing the intended table helps keep the measure easy to find.
- In the formula bar, replace the default name with a descriptive name, type
=, and enter a DAX expression. Power BI suggests functions and columns as you type. - Press Enter to commit the formula.
- Find the measure in the field list, identified by a calculator icon, and drag it into a visual or add it as a visual value.
- Check its result with the slicers, filters, and groupings people will use. A measure is evaluated in the current report context, so its result can change with those selections.
Microsoft’s Power BI measures tutorial uses a net-sales calculation that subtracts discounts and returns from sales:
Net Sales =
SUM(Sales[SalesAmount])
- SUM(Sales[DiscountAmount])
- SUM(Sales[ReturnAmount])Use the table and column names in your own model; the example assumes names that may not exist in your report.
What a measure does
A measure is a named DAX expression calculated when it is needed in the current report context. The same measure can return different results for different visual rows, filters, or slicer selections. It is not stored as a precomputed result on disk. You can use measures as values in visuals and in visual-level filters, as well as inside other DAX expressions.
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For example, Microsoft’s measures overview shows this projected-sales expression:
Projected Sales = SUM('Reseller Sales'[Last Years Sales]) * 1.06The multiplier is an illustrative assumption in Microsoft’s example, not a forecast for your business. Microsoft Learn describes the benefit of measures this way: “The calculated results of measures change as you interact with your reports, making it possible to do fast and dynamic data exploration.”
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Choose between a measure, calculated column, and visual calculation
| Calculation | When computed and stored | Where it fits |
|---|---|---|
| Measure | Calculated on demand; not stored as a precomputed result | Responds to report selections; use as a visual value or visual-level filter. |
| Calculated column | Computed at data refresh and stored | Provides a row-level result that can be used in slicers, filters, rows, or columns. |
| Visual calculation | Calculated on demand and stored on the visual, not in the model | Uses data available on one visual; useful for calculations such as a running sum or moving average. |
Use a measure for a reusable calculation that should respond dynamically to report context. Choose a calculated column when you need a stored row-level value to categorize, group, or filter data. A visual calculation can be a better fit when the logic belongs to one visual and needs only data displayed there. Visual calculations cannot use model-relationship-dependent functions such as RELATED and USERELATIONSHIP. Microsoft explains the options in its calculation options guide and covers visual calculations in its overview and authoring guide.
Use a quick measure as a starting point
Quick measures generate DAX from choices in a dialog. They can speed up common calculations and let you inspect a generated formula as a learning aid or starting point for customization. Check that the generated expression matches your model and intended calculation before relying on it. Microsoft’s tutorial describes the quick-measure workflow. For broader DAX concepts, see Microsoft’s DAX overview; Microsoft Learn describes its DAX library as containing over 200 functions, operators, and constructs, with no year stated for that figure.
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