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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchIn Python Selenium, capture the current browser view with driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png"). In Docker, run Chrome in a pinned Selenium image, configure headless mode through Chrome options, and make sure the screenshot path is writable by the process running your test.
Capture a screenshot with Python Selenium
Navigate to the page, save the current browsing-context screenshot, and always close the WebDriver session. Selenium documents save_screenshot(path) for writing the screenshot to the specified path. Selenium WebDriver screenshot documentation
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
try:
driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")
finally:
driver.quit()The file is written relative to the test process’s working directory unless you provide an absolute path. Selenium’s Chrome documentation lists --headless=new among commonly used Chrome arguments, and Chrome documents using it through Selenium options. Selenium Chrome options · Chrome Headless mode
Run Chrome in a Selenium Docker container
The official selenium/standalone-chrome image provides a standalone Selenium Grid endpoint on port 4444. Use a full image tag to pin the browser and Grid version rather than relying on a floating tag. The following tag is an example shown in the project README; choose a tag that matches your deployment and verify it before use. SeleniumHQ docker-selenium README
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docker run --rm -p 4444:4444 --shm-size=2g
selenium/standalone-chrome:4.48.0-20260905For remote WebDriver, the Python test process connects to the container endpoint. WebDriver returns screenshot data to the test binding, which writes the path specified by save_screenshot. The browser container and test process are distinct environments: make sure the output directory is writable in the test process and configure CI artifact collection to read from that environment.
Connect a Python test to the remote container
For a remote session, give Selenium the Grid URL and Chrome options. The example writes the screenshot on the machine or container running Python, not necessarily inside the browser container.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
driver = webdriver.Remote(
command_executor="http://localhost:4444/wd/hub",
options=options,
)
try:
driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.save_screenshot("artifacts/screenshot.png")
finally:
driver.quit()Create the artifacts directory before running if it does not already exist. Confirm the remote endpoint path supported by the Grid configuration you use; the project image exposes the WebDriver service on port 4444.
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Choose the capture size and scope
Current page view or one element
driver.save_screenshot(path) captures the current browsing context. If you need only one element, Selenium also documents taking a screenshot from the element itself:
element = driver.find_element("css selector", "main")
element.screenshot("main.png")Do not assume a current-context screenshot is a full-page capture. The cited Selenium methods document current-context and element screenshots, not a universal full-page behavior. Set your target dimensions deliberately and verify the output for the page and browser version you run.
Set a repeatable viewport
Choose a browser window size before navigating or capturing so screenshots are comparable. Chrome’s headless CLI documentation demonstrates an explicit size such as --window-size=412,892; in WebDriver, set the window dimensions in the test setup.
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driver.set_window_size(412, 892)
driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")When to use Chrome’s screenshot CLI instead
If the task does not need WebDriver interaction, Chrome’s headless command-line interface can save a screenshot directly. Chrome documents this pattern:
chrome --headless=new --screenshot --window-size=412,892 https://developer.chrome.com/This is a separate workflow from Selenium. Use WebDriver when your test needs to navigate or interact with the page through a browser session, or when you need Selenium’s element screenshot method. Use the CLI when a direct Chrome invocation is enough. The official examples establish both methods, but do not claim their capture behavior is identical. Chrome Headless mode
Keep browser and driver versions compatible
Selenium’s Chrome documentation says Selenium 4 is compatible with Chrome v75 and later, and that Chrome and ChromeDriver versions must match at the major-version level. With the official Docker image, pinning a full tag helps keep the packaged browser and Grid version consistent; check the chosen image tag rather than assuming the example above remains current. Selenium Chrome documentation · docker-selenium README
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Troubleshoot failed or unexpected captures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Chrome crashes or exits in the container | Insufficient shared memory can contribute to browser crashes. | Check container /dev/shm allocation. Selenium’s README recommends --shm-size=2g as a starting point and says the right amount depends on workload; tune it rather than treating 2 GB as a universal minimum. SeleniumHQ docker-selenium README |
| WebDriver session will not start because of a version mismatch | Chrome and ChromeDriver major versions differ, or the image tag does not match the intended browser setup. | Check the Chrome and ChromeDriver major versions and confirm the full Selenium image tag in use. Selenium Chrome documentation |
| Headless startup errors after changing Xvfb settings | The container image’s headless and Xvfb behavior can depend on the Chrome version and image configuration. | Consult the README for the exact image tag. The current project README describes SE_START_XVFB=true guidance for --headless=new at Chrome/Chromium v127+ and for --headless at v132+; verify that guidance against the image you actually run. SeleniumHQ docker-selenium README |
| Screenshot is missing from CI artifacts | The test process may write the file somewhere other than the browser container or the artifact collector’s configured directory. | Check path permissions, the test process’s working directory, and the artifact collector’s target path. |
| Screenshot dimensions or composition are unexpected | The window size is implicit, or a viewport capture is being mistaken for a full-page capture. | Set and record the window size, then confirm whether the requirement is a current-view or element screenshot. |
Or skip the browser setup
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a Selenium element screenshot instead of capturing the page?
Yes. Find the element and call its screenshot(path) method to save that element’s image.
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Does Selenium’s save_screenshot method automatically capture an entire long page?
The cited Selenium documentation establishes a current-browsing-context screenshot, not a universal full-page capture. Treat full-page capture as a separate requirement and verify your chosen method.
Can I use the same headless Chrome setup in local and remote WebDriver sessions?
The Chrome options can configure headless mode in either case, but a remote session writes the screenshot through the test process and its binding, so paths and artifact collection need to match that arrangement.
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