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In PHP, a function declared inside a class is called a method. Call an instance method on an object with ->; from another instance method on the same object, use $this->.
Call an instance method
Use $object->methodName() when you have an object. Inside one of that object’s non-static methods, $this refers to the current object.
<?php
class Greeter {
public function sayHello(): void {
echo "Hellon";
}
public function run(): void {
$this->sayHello(); // Call another instance method on this object
}
}
$greeter = new Greeter();
$greeter->sayHello();
$greeter->run();Use the method’s name without parentheses after -> only when you are referring to it as a callable; for an ordinary call, include parentheses. A standalone function is different: call it by its function name, such as helper(), not with $this->.
Call a static method
A static method belongs to a class-level interface and can be called without creating an object, using ClassName::methodName().
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<?php
class Formatter {
public static function clean(string $text): string {
return trim($text);
}
}
$result = Formatter::clean(" hello ");Within class scope, self::methodName() refers to the class where the method is declared. static::methodName() uses late static binding, so the called class matters. A static method has no $this; use the object form to call an instance method instead.
In PHP 8.0 and later, calling a non-static method statically throws an Error. Before PHP 8.0, that usage was deprecated and generated E_DEPRECATED. Declare the method static only when it is designed for class-level use.
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Call a method whose name is in a variable
For an object, PHP supports a variable method name with $object->$methodName():
$methodName = 'sayHello';
$greeter->$methodName();For callbacks, use a callable form that matches the method type:
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[$greeter, 'sayHello']for an instance method.[Formatter::class, 'clean']for a static method.
For example, an instance-method callback can be invoked like this:
$callback = [$greeter, 'sayHello'];
$callback();PHP 8.1 and later also support first-class callable syntax, which creates a Closure; for example, $greeter->sayHello(...). With private or protected methods, visibility and the scope where the callable is created or invoked can affect whether it is callable.
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Check whether a function or method can be called
These checks answer different questions:
function_exists('helper')checks whether a standalone function is defined.method_exists($objectOrClass, 'methodName')checks whether a method is defined. It does not detect methods exposed only through__call.is_callable([$object, 'methodName'])checks whether that callable can be called from the current scope. In PHP 8 and later, a non-static method paired with a class name is not callable this way; provide an object for an instance method.
A method existing does not guarantee that code in the current scope is allowed to call it: private and protected visibility still applies.
Quick Recap
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Quick choice guide
| What you are calling | Syntax |
|---|---|
| Instance method on an object | $object->methodName() |
| Instance method on the current object | $this->methodName() |
| Static method on a class | ClassName::methodName() |
| Standalone function | functionName() |
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