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First identify the workflow and the account
“Sheets to your warehouse” can describe different setups. A Connected Sheet queries BigQuery from within Google Sheets. A BigQuery external table can read a Sheet as a data source. A separate Google Integration Connectors connector can read a Sheet using a service account. These paths have different permission checks; a fix for one is not necessarily a fix for another.
Before changing access, establish what operation failed and whose identity is used for it:
- Opening or editing the spreadsheet: Google Drive/Sheets sharing controls this access.
- Manually refreshing Connected Sheets data: the query runs using the applicable Connected Sheets credentials.
- Scheduled refresh: check the schedule owner and the authorization and access associated with that owner.
- Separate connector reading a Sheet: check the connector’s configured service account.
Ask whether the person can open the Sheet but cannot refresh, whether a scheduled refresh failed, or whether an integration cannot read the Sheet. Then check permissions for the identity performing that particular operation.
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For Connected Sheets, check BigQuery access as well as Sheet sharing
Google documents separate prerequisites for querying BigQuery through Connected Sheets: the user needs BigQuery access, BigQuery Data Viewer on the dataset containing the selected table, and BigQuery Job Creator on the selected billing project. Billing must also be set up for that project. See Google’s Connected Sheets troubleshooting guidance and BigQuery Connected Sheets access-control documentation.
Ask the BigQuery administrator to verify the relevant dataset grant, the Job Creator grant on the project selected for billing, and that billing is configured. Having permission to view one project does not by itself establish the required permissions on the dataset and billing project.
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A recipient with access to the spreadsheet alone can use ordinary Sheets features and work with analysis already present in the Sheet, but cannot manually refresh BigQuery data or schedule a refresh. Google states: “If you want to give a user Google Sheets access only, share a spreadsheet and don’t grant BigQuery access.” That is an intentional access boundary, not proof that Drive sharing failed.
Check whose credentials Connected Sheets uses
Queries using the current user’s credentials
When a user runs a query under their own credentials, that user’s BigQuery permissions and the billing-project setup determine whether the query can run. Sharing the spreadsheet does not substitute for those grants.
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Delegated access using the creator’s credentials
Connected Sheets offers a delegated-access choice: the creator can configure subsequent queries to use the creator’s credentials, including queries triggered by another Sheet user. This changes which account’s authority is applied; it does not grant every spreadsheet recipient unrestricted access to BigQuery.
Have the administrator or Sheet creator confirm whether delegated access is configured and review whether using the creator’s credentials is appropriate under the organization’s access policy. Google explains this option in its delegated-access help.
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For a scheduled refresh, inspect the schedule owner
A scheduled refresh is tied to its owner, so identify which account owns the schedule rather than assuming that the person viewing the Sheet is responsible for its credentials. Google’s troubleshooting guidance identifies these possible causes of a failed or paused schedule:
- The owner’s OAuth authorization was revoked.
- The owner no longer has edit access to the Sheet.
- The account is not eligible to own or run the schedule.
- The source table was deleted, or the schedule owner’s account was deleted.
- The data source changed and the schedule was paused.
Restore the relevant authorization, edit access, account, or source-table condition, then retry the refresh. If ownership or access has changed, make sure the person responsible for maintaining the schedule can also maintain its authorization and source access. Google’s Connected Sheets troubleshooting page lists these schedule-related failure conditions.
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For a separate Sheets connector, share the Sheet with its service account
If the integration is Google’s Integration Connectors Google Sheets connector configured with service-account authentication, the service account itself needs view or edit access to the spreadsheet. This is a different setup from Connected Sheets querying BigQuery: here the connector is trying to read the Sheet.
Find the service-account email configured for the connector, open the Sheet’s Share control, and grant that address the least permission the integration needs. Google’s Google Sheets connector setup instructions describe the service-account requirement. Do not use this as a substitute for granting BigQuery access to a Connected Sheets query identity.
Check VPC Service Controls and query-level failures
Perimeter restrictions
In a VPC Service Controls environment, perimeter policy can block Connected Sheets. Google describes configuring suitable access or ingress rules and an egress rule so query results can be copied to Sheets. Scheduled refresh does not propagate end-user context; a perimeter that requires that context can therefore cause scheduled refresh to fail. Review the organization’s perimeter policy and Google’s BigQuery Connected Sheets documentation before changing rules.
Table, schema, and result-size problems
If permissions appear correct, check whether the source table still exists, whether its columns changed, whether the query identity can access the table, and whether the billing-project identity can create query jobs. Results can also exceed documented Connected Sheets limits: Google says pivot tables with more than 100,000 results can fail, as can query results larger than 10 MB. These are documented failure thresholds, not typical-use estimates. Reduce the rows or columns returned, or reduce the pivot output, and retry. See Google’s troubleshooting guidance.
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Use the permission map to send the problem to the right owner
| What failed | Identity to check | Permission or condition to check |
|---|---|---|
| Opening or editing the spreadsheet | The person using Sheets | Drive/Sheets sharing on the spreadsheet |
| Manual Connected Sheets refresh | The query identity: current user or delegated creator | BigQuery Data Viewer on the dataset, BigQuery Job Creator on the billing project, and configured billing |
| Scheduled Connected Sheets refresh | The schedule owner | OAuth authorization, edit access, account eligibility, source-table access, and whether the schedule was paused after a data-source change |
| Integration Connectors reading a Sheet | The configured service account | View or edit access to the Sheet, as required by the connector operation |
| Connected Sheets blocked by a perimeter | The identity and context evaluated by the VPC Service Controls policy | Appropriate access or ingress rules and an egress rule for copying query results; scheduled refresh may fail if end-user context is required |
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