The Tool Desk
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What writing-mode changes
writing-mode controls whether lines are laid out horizontally or vertically and the direction of text and block flow. It changes layout behavior, not just the angle of the letters. For a document-wide writing mode, MDN recommends setting the property on the root html element. MDN’s writing-mode reference
horizontal-tb: horizontal lines; block flow proceeds from top to bottom.vertical-rl: vertical lines; block flow proceeds from right to left.vertical-lr: vertical lines; block flow proceeds from left to right.sideways-rlandsideways-lr: sideways orientations; support is less uniform, so check the exact value.
The property works with direction and text-orientation. Vertical writing is used by scripts including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean; the right combination depends on the script and presentation you need. MDN’s CSS writing modes overview
Browser support: check the value, not just the property
MDN describes writing-mode as widely available across browsers since March 2017, while warning that support for parts of its syntax varies. The following Can I Use figures are global usage estimates for August 2026, with usage-share data credited to StatCounter GlobalStats. They are not guarantees for a particular site or region. Can I Use: CSS writing-mode
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| Feature | Can I Use estimate, August 2026 | Version details listed in its table |
|---|---|---|
CSS writing-mode generally |
97.26% | IE is listed with partial support; Opera Mini is listed as unsupported. |
vertical-rl |
96.84% | Chrome 48+, Firefox 43+, Safari 9+; IE 6–11 listed as unsupported. |
text-orientation |
96.2% | Chrome 48+, Firefox 41+, Safari 10.1+; IE 11 listed as unsupported. |
These figures and version entries describe the specific feature rows, not every writing mode, glyph, browser shell, embedded web view, or operating-system configuration. In particular, do not infer sideways-* support from the vertical-rl row. Check the browser versions and exact value your audience uses.
Choose the right property for vertical text
Set the flow with writing-mode
Use vertical-rl or vertical-lr according to which way block progression should run. This affects how content flows and how blocks are ordered, so test the surrounding layout as well as the text direction.
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Set character orientation with text-orientation
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Provide a fallback for less-supported values
Start with a readable baseline, then enable a less widely supported value only when the browser recognizes it. A feature query tests the exact declaration rather than generic support for writing-mode:
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.label {
writing-mode: vertical-rl;
}
.sideways-label {
writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
}
@supports (writing-mode: sideways-lr) {
.sideways-label {
writing-mode: sideways-lr;
}
.sideways-label__unsupported-notice {
display: none;
}
}Adapt the baseline and notice to your page: unsupported browsers should still get meaningful, readable content. MDN documents @supports (writing-mode: sideways-lr) as a way to conditionally show an enhanced presentation. MDN’s @supports reference
Use transforms only for a narrow visual fallback
A transform may imitate a sideways appearance when a value is unsupported, but it rotates the rendered box rather than reproducing writing-mode flow. MDN’s example notes that a 180-degree rotation can work in some cases; it also warns that font glyphs may not be designed to rotate, causing unexpected positioning or rendering. Test the actual font, text, dimensions, and surrounding layout before using this approach. MDN’s transform reference
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Validate cross-browser behavior
- Identify the exact value that fails: for example,
vertical-rl,sideways-lr, or atext-orientationvalue. - Check that exact feature against the browser families and versions your site must support. Pay particular attention to sideways modes, text orientation, and legacy IE requirements.
- Define a usable baseline, then gate the enhancement with
@supportswhen the value is less widely supported. - Test scripts and glyphs in the fonts actually used on the page. A browser recognizing the CSS value does not ensure every font renders the intended characters as expected.
- Check the result in the target browsers and devices, including block order, surrounding layout, and any fallback. Global support estimates do not tell you which browsers your site’s visitors use.
Troubleshoot common rendering problems
- The text stays horizontal: Confirm the element receives the intended
writing-moderule and that a later or more specific rule is not overriding it. Verify support for the exact value, not only the property name. - The text flows in the wrong direction: Choose between
vertical-rlandvertical-lrbased on block progression. They are not interchangeable rotation settings. - Letters face the wrong way: Keep the flow value that gives the intended layout and test
text-orientation; it controls glyph orientation in vertical writing. - A sideways value works in one browser but not another: Treat sideways modes separately from the better-documented
vertical-rlsupport data. Add a baseline and an exact-value@supportscheck. - A rotated fallback looks misplaced: A transform does not reproduce writing-mode flow, and rotated glyphs may render unexpectedly. Recheck the font, box dimensions, and neighboring content; use a readable baseline if the visual imitation is not reliable.
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