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There is no single free, open-source PDF editor that is the best fit for every job. Editing existing text, adding annotations, rearranging pages, and changing a PDF’s layout are different tasks—and the tools below do not all do all four. For dependable page operations, start with PDFsam Basic or PDF Arranger; for handwriting, consider Xournal++; for drawing or layout changes, LibreOffice Draw may help, but inspect the result carefully.

Despite the “15 best” wording, the available official-source evidence supports only a small set of candidates well enough to recommend here. Rather than pad the list with unverified software or imply that every app works on both Windows and macOS, this guide identifies what is established and flags platform limits.

Choose a tool by the change you need to make

Task Good place to start What to expect
Merge, split, rotate, mix, or extract pages PDFsam Basic Purpose-built page operations; not a general content editor.
Visually rearrange or organize pages PDF Arranger Page organization and manipulation, not established here as an editor for existing text.
Handwrite or annotate a PDF Xournal++ Supports PDF annotation and pen input; keep the original PDF alongside its Xournal++ file.
View PDFs and add annotations Okular A document viewer with PDF support; current availability for both Windows and macOS is not established here.
Make drawing or layout changes LibreOffice Draw A general drawing tool that can work with PDFs; complex formatting may not survive unchanged.

“Open source” describes how software is licensed and developed; it does not guarantee that a tool can directly edit every part of a PDF. A PDF may contain text, vector artwork, images, form fields, or scanned pages. Choose a tool for the content you need to change, and check the exported file before relying on it.

Best-supported free, open-source options

PDFsam Basic: best for common page operations

PDFsam Basic is a free, open-source application released under the AGPL. Its official product information lists Windows, macOS, and Linux support and describes tools to split, merge, rotate, mix, and extract PDF pages. See the PDFsam Basic feature page and official download page for current details.

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Basic is for page operations, not the same product as PDFsam Enhanced. PDFsam describes Enhanced as a professional Windows editor; do not assume its features or licensing apply to Basic. The distinction is set out in the PDFsam FAQ.

PDF Arranger: best for visual page organization

PDF Arranger is a free, open-source page organizer. Its official site lists Windows, macOS, and Linux and describes rearranging and manipulating pages. It is a reasonable option when the task is organizing a document rather than rewriting text on its pages. Consult the PDF Arranger project site for current platform and release information.

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Xournal++: best for handwriting and annotations

Xournal++ is handwriting note-taking software with PDF annotation support. The project lists Windows and macOS support as well as Linux, and supports pen input, including Wacom devices. Its official repository documents an important file-management caveat: a .xopp file does not embed its source PDF. Keep the source PDF in place with the annotation file; moving or deleting it can leave the notes without the original page background.

Okular: a PDF viewer with annotation features

KDE describes Okular as a multi-platform document viewer that reads PDFs and other document types, and releases it under GPLv2 or later. The official Okular site is the place to check current downloads. The available project information does not establish that a current version is distributed for both Windows and macOS, so confirm availability for your operating system before choosing it. Treat Okular as a viewer and annotation option, not a proven tool for changing existing PDF text.

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LibreOffice Draw: for drawing and layout-oriented edits

LibreOffice Draw is a general drawing application within LibreOffice. The Document Foundation provides Windows and macOS downloads, including Apple Silicon and Intel builds, and publishes a Draw guide.

Draw can be useful when a PDF’s content is treated as drawing or layout objects, but that workflow does not guarantee that the original design will remain intact. Keep an untouched copy, make a small trial change, export, and inspect the result—especially when the file uses complex formatting.

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What to check before editing

  • Identify the task: page operations, annotation, and content or layout changes call for different tools.
  • Confirm your operating system: support listed by a project does not always mean a current installer is available for every platform. This is particularly important for Okular.
  • Keep an original: work on a copy, especially when changing layout or exporting from Draw.
  • Check the finished PDF: open the exported file and review page order, annotations, text, and formatting before sharing it.
  • For Xournal++ users: store the source PDF with the .xopp file because the project file does not embed the PDF.
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Why this guide does not list 15 tools

The exact-title article identified LibreOffice Draw, Okular, Inkscape, PDF Arranger, Scribus, and Xournal++ as its core set, but the available evidence does not substantiate a complete 15-tool list or verify every candidate’s current Windows and macOS support, license, and PDF-editing scope. Inkscape and Scribus should not be treated as recommendations here on that basis alone. A shorter list with clear task boundaries is more useful than presenting unverified options as equivalent editors.

Software versions and installers change. Check each project’s official page for current releases and operating-system support before downloading; version numbers are omitted here because they can become outdated.

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