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If Apple revokes the enterprise distribution certificate used to sign an in-house app, that app can no longer launch once the device’s certificate check reports the revocation. Devices may not all stop working at the same moment because Apple caches the check result. The durable fix is for the organization to use a valid certificate and provisioning profile to sign and distribute a replacement app or profile—not for users to repeat the “Trust” step.
What happens when an enterprise distribution certificate is revoked?
Apple’s guidance is direct: “If the certificate has been revoked, the app won’t launch.” Revoking a distribution certificate invalidates all apps signed with it, and provisioning profiles that contain that certificate also become invalid. This is an app-signing and validation failure, not an ordinary developer-trust prompt. (Apple’s in-house app distribution guidance)
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The cutoff may not be simultaneous on every device. The first time an app is opened, the device contacts Apple’s Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) server. Apple says the response is cached for the period specified by that server, currently three to seven days. The device does not check the status again until it has restarted and that cached response has expired. This describes why behavior can vary; it is not a guaranteed countdown for an individual user.
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Once the device receives a revoked status, reinstalling the same build or tapping “Trust” again cannot make the signature valid. The organization must supply an app or profile that uses a valid signing identity.
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Tell revocation apart from other launch and verification problems
| Possible cause | What it means | What addresses it |
|---|---|---|
| Revoked distribution certificate | Apps signed with that certificate are invalid; profiles containing it are invalid too. | The organization must sign and distribute a replacement app or provide a valid replacement profile. (Apple deployment guidance; Apple profile management guidance) |
| Expired distribution provisioning profile | Apple says distribution profiles expire after 12 months. An expired profile is removed, and its app will not launch. | The administrator creates or regenerates a valid profile and deploys it or an app signed with it. (Apple deployment guidance) |
| Developer has not been trusted | This can affect a manually installed enterprise app whose developer is otherwise valid. | Use the manual trust flow in Settings; it cannot override a revoked certificate. (Apple’s custom enterprise app instructions) |
| Device cannot reach Apple’s verification service | Verification may fail because the device lacks the required internet or service connectivity; this alone does not establish that a certificate was revoked. | Restore connectivity to Apple’s verification services, then retry verification. Apple identifies ppq.apple.com for trust verification and ocsp.apple.com for certificate-status checks. (Apple trust instructions; Apple deployment guidance) |
For manually installed enterprise apps, Apple’s trust settings are under Settings > General > VPN & Device Management. On iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and visionOS 2 or later, the trust flow uses “Allow & Restart”; earlier versions use a “Trust” action. These steps apply when establishing trust in a valid developer—not when Apple has returned a revoked status.
How an administrator restores access
- Identify the signing identity and failure. Check which distribution certificate signed the affected build and whether it was revoked. Do not assume that a user’s trust setting is the problem: profiles containing a revoked certificate become invalid.
- Create a valid provisioning profile. Use an active certificate to create or edit the profile in the Apple Developer account. If the existing profile is invalid or expired, regenerate it and download the new profile. Apple documents editing and downloading profiles in its profile management instructions.
- Prepare the replacement for the installation path. Sign a replacement app build with the valid certificate and profile. New installations need the new app bundle. For users who already have the app, Apple allows the organization to include the replacement profile in a later app release or distribute just the new
.mobileprovisionfile. - Deploy and communicate the fix. MDM can distribute custom apps and manage app updates. For manually installed apps, notify users and give them instructions to install the replacement; those apps are not automatically updated. Apple’s custom enterprise app guidance recommends MDM for organizational deployment.
Plan certificate rotation without interrupting users
A certificate transition is different from an emergency revocation. Apple supports two independent active distribution certificates during an overlap period, giving an organization time to move apps to the new identity before the old certificate expires. Keep the old certificate active while updating and distributing apps signed with the new one.
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Apple cautions: “You should revoke a certificate only as a last resort—if you’re sure the private key is lost or you think the certificate has been compromised.” Revocation is broad: it invalidates every app signed with that certificate, so it should not be used simply to speed up a planned rotation.
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For Apple’s in-house distribution program, the durations below are the documented operational limits; they do not describe how long a device will continue launching an app after revocation.
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| Item | Apple-documented validity or allowance |
|---|---|
| Enterprise distribution certificate | Valid for three years from issuance, or until Enterprise Program membership expires, whichever comes first. (Apple deployment guidance) |
| Distribution provisioning profile | Valid for 12 months. (Apple deployment guidance) |
| Concurrent independent active distribution certificates for overlap | Two. (Apple deployment guidance) |
| OCSP response cache window | Currently three to seven days, as specified by Apple’s OCSP server; the status is checked again only after a device restart and cache expiry. (Apple deployment guidance) |
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