Yocto/OpenEmbedded can generate SPDX software bills of materials (SBOMs) from the image and SDK contents of a build. Use the SBOM to identify components and license information for a specific build, then review the applicable obligations and release materials separately: generating an SBOM does not, by itself, establish that an OSS release is compliant.
Check your Yocto release before enabling SPDX generation
The setup depends on the branch you build. The Yocto Project’s development manual says SPDX generation is enabled by default through INHERIT_DISTRO. By contrast, the Yocto 4.0.13 manual required explicitly inheriting the class.
Check the manual for your target release and inspect the build configuration before adding settings. Where that release requires explicit inheritance, the documented setting is:
INHERIT += "create-spdx"The current class reference also documents this form for global inheritance. Do not treat either the default or the explicit setting as universal across all branches; output behavior and metadata are controlled by release-specific SPDX_ variables.
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Find the image SBOM and recipe-level documents
Image build output
After an image build, the development manual names the top-level JSON document IMAGE-MACHINE.spdx.json. It is written under tmp/deploy/images/MACHINE/ in the build directory; replace IMAGE and MACHINE with the image and machine names for your build.
The Yocto 5.3.3 manual additionally describes an index JSON file and a compressed .spdx.tar.zst archive alongside the top-level image document. Check your release’s documentation for the exact set of generated files rather than assuming those companion artifacts exist on every branch.
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Recipe-level SBOM
An image SBOM includes recipe SBOM information for recipes participating in that image build. To request a recipe document directly, the documented task is:
bitbake <recipe> -c create_recipe_sbomReplace <recipe> with the BitBake recipe name. This is useful when reviewing an individual recipe without starting from an image-wide report.
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Choose metadata for the review you need
The SBOM can describe components, licenses, dependencies, sources, applied changes, and known vulnerability fixes. The Yocto Project describes the document as “generated in the form of a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), using the SPDX standard.” The standard document can help connect a built image to its software contents, but optional detail depends on configuration and release.
Depending on the release and the intended consumers, documented options include:
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SPDX_PRETTYfor readable JSON formatting.SPDX_INCLUDE_SOURCESandSPDX_INCLUDE_COMPILED_SOURCESfor source and compiled-source descriptions.SPDX_INCLUDE_KERNEL_CONFIGandSPDX_INCLUDE_PACKAGECONFIGfor kernel and package configuration detail.SPDX_FILE_EXCLUDE_PATTERNSto control file exclusions.- Supplier information, ecosystem-specific PURL enrichment through language classes, build invocation traceability, and custom annotations.
These are configuration choices, not a promise that every field appears by default. Confirm variable names and behavior in the documentation for your branch, and select detail according to the needs of the engineering, security, and compliance reviewers who will consume the artifacts.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Use the SBOM as one part of the OSS release review
A build-derived SBOM provides a useful starting point because its component and license data are tied to the image actually produced, rather than an abstract product list. Use it to identify what needs review and to inform vulnerability-exposure assessment; do not treat the presence of an SPDX file as proof that license conditions have been met.
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- Archive the generated image and recipe SBOM materials with the build and release records so reviewers can identify the software contents associated with that release.
- Review the license data and determine which obligations apply to the components and their use in your distribution.
- Check the release materials and process for applicable notices, source-delivery obligations, and other required actions. The SBOM supports this assessment but does not make it on the team’s behalf.
- Use the same artifacts alongside engineering and security review when assessing dependencies and known vulnerability fixes.
The Yocto documentation describes SBOM generation as useful for compliance and vulnerability work. The final assessment still depends on the actual licenses, distribution model, applicable jurisdiction, and your release process.
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