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Right to repair is the practical question of whether product owners and independent repairers can get the parts, tools, manuals, diagnostics and software needed to fix a device. iFixit campaigns to make that access easier, while also publishing repair guides and selling parts. The fight is about both the ability to do a repair and the rules that can prevent one.

What does “right to repair” mean in practice?

A repair right is not one universal guarantee. It is a set of questions about access and choice: can an owner or independent shop obtain the replacement part, use the necessary tool, consult the service information, run diagnostics and complete any software steps a repair requires?

Repair barriers can take several forms. A product may be difficult to open or designed in a way that impedes repair; a manufacturer may limit access to parts, manuals or diagnostic tools; or software controls may prevent a replacement component from working. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) describes these kinds of restrictions in its 2021 report, Nixing the Fix.

The movement seeks access through public education and policy, including laws that require manufacturers to make some repair resources available. The details matter: a law may cover only certain products, materials, providers or manufacturing dates. “Right to repair” therefore describes a policy goal, not a single identical right that applies to every product everywhere.

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Why is iFixit campaigning for repair access?

iFixit’s stated aim is to promote products that can be repaired with accessible information and spare parts. Its campaigns focus on removing barriers that can force owners toward manufacturer-authorized service or replacement when an independent repair or do-it-yourself fix might otherwise be possible. The FTC report identifies iFixit as an online, wiki-style resource that teaches repair and sells parts.

That gives iFixit two roles: it advocates for repair access, and it runs a repair information and parts business. Those facts provide context for its position; they do not, on their own, prove or disprove the merits of its arguments.

In practice, the advocacy can include public education, support for legislation and participation in policy proceedings. iFixit’s coverage of Oregon’s SB 1596 and a 2024 federal repair-exemption proceeding illustrates those activities, though it is not a complete chronology of the organization’s campaigns.

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What does the FTC say about repair restrictions?

The FTC’s May 2021 report is the strongest official evidence in the source set on the case for and against repair restrictions. Drawing on comments and materials presented during its workshop, the Commission wrote: “Based on a review of comments submitted and materials presented during the Workshop, there is scant evidence to support manufacturers’ justifications for repair restrictions.”

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That conclusion is specific to the record the FTC reviewed. It is not a blanket finding that every restriction on every product is harmful or unjustified. The report considers arguments involving safety, intellectual property, product design and manufacturer liability, alongside consumer choice and possible policy remedies. It identifies access to parts, manuals, tools and diagnostic information as common repair-access remedies.

In 2023 testimony before a California state senate committee, the FTC said its report found no empirical evidence that independent repair shops were more or less likely than authorized shops to compromise or misuse customer data. It also said the report found no empirical evidence that giving independent repairers access to diagnostics and firmware patches would introduce cybersecurity risks. “No empirical evidence” in that report is not the same as proof that a security risk can never arise; it describes what the agency found in the record it examined.

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Manufacturers’ concerns about safety, security, intellectual property and responsibility for repairs deserve consideration. But the FTC’s findings challenge the idea that those concerns, by themselves, establish a general case for restricting independent repair. The report is dated 2021 and assesses the evidence before the Commission then; it is not a current inventory of every product or repair law.

What does Oregon’s law show—and what can’t it establish?

Oregon offers a concrete example of how a right-to-repair law can address more than physical parts. iFixit reported on March 27, 2024, that Oregon enacted SB 1596, the Oregon Right to Repair Act. Its article describes provisions involving parts, tools, documentation and software, and highlights a provision concerning parts pairing—the software controls that can limit whether a replacement component functions after installation.

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iFixit’s article is evidence of how the organization characterized the law, not a substitute for the enacted statutory text. The available sources do not establish every statutory definition, exception, enforcement route or coverage detail independently, so those specifics should not be generalized from the article alone. iFixit’s CEO, Kyle Wiens, called it “the strongest-yet electronics Right to Repair bill”; that is an advocacy assessment, not a neutral legal ranking.

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The broader lesson is that repair laws can differ along several practical dimensions:

  • Products covered: a rule may apply to a defined category rather than all goods.
  • Materials covered: it may address parts, tools, documentation, diagnostics, software or some combination.
  • Who gets access: obligations may benefit owners, independent repair providers or both.
  • Timing: a rule may apply to new products, specified older products or different categories on different dates.
  • Software and exceptions: statutes may treat parts pairing differently and include safeguards or carve-outs.
  • Enforcement: the agency, complaint process and remedy depend on the particular law.

One state’s law does not give every U.S. owner the same rights. The scope and practical effect depend on the text of the applicable law and the product involved.

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What can owners and independent repairers do?

For an individual repair, access to information and tools is only part of the equation. A precision electronics toolkit can help with work that requires small, specialized drivers, but it cannot make an unavailable part available, remove a software restriction, bypass a safety limit or ensure that a replacement component will be accepted by a device.

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Before attempting a repair, check the guide and part information for the exact device model and revision. Confirm that the part fits, that the repair is within your skills, and that the instructions address any software or safety steps. iFixit’s guides and parts can be useful resources, but a general toolkit or repair guide is not a substitute for model-specific compatibility and instructions.

At the policy level, people can follow proposed legislation and public proceedings, submit comments when agencies invite them, and ask manufacturers what repair documentation, parts and diagnostics they make available. Those steps address the access problem that an individual tool purchase cannot solve on its own.

How does a federal repair exemption fit in?

Repair debates can also involve copyright rules that affect software-enabled devices. iFixit reported on a 2024 federal proceeding concerning repair exemptions and quoted Wiens saying: “Copyright law isn’t supposed to get in the way of ice cream, and today the FTC and DOJ voted today in favor of frozen goodness for all.” The remark reflects iFixit’s characterization of that proceeding. It describes an event in 2024, not a general statement of current law or a guarantee that every repair is legally permitted.

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