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A Class AB output stage can reduce the crossover distortion associated with Class B, but “Class AB” does not mean an op amp is automatically low-power or that it will sound better in every circuit. Quiescent current (Iq) is the op amp’s no-signal supply current; it is one selection factor alongside noise, distortion, supply range, output drive and package. Texas Instruments’ OPA167x family is a concrete example, with a manufacturer-specified typical Iq of 2 mA per channel.

What Class AB means inside an op amp

Class AB describes how an output stage’s complementary devices are biased and conduct around the signal’s zero crossing. In an ideal Class B stage, each side conducts on a different half of the waveform. As the signal crosses zero, neither side may conduct smoothly through the transition, creating crossover nonlinearity.

Class AB applies a small standing bias so both sides conduct slightly at idle and overlap around zero. That overlap mitigates the Class B crossover artifact, but it also means the output stage draws some current with no signal present. It does not eliminate all distortion.

An op amp’s internal output stage is not the same thing as a discrete, high-power Class AB speaker amplifier. The underlying bias tradeoff is related, but component values and design recommendations for a power-amplifier output stage should not be transferred to an integrated op amp.

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What Iq measures—and what it does not

Quiescent current is the device-level supply current under no-signal conditions, reported according to the datasheet’s test setup. It is not synonymous with the output stage’s bias current, nor does it equal the idle power of an entire audio product. Other circuitry, supply voltage and the number of devices also affect system consumption.

Iq should therefore be compared under relevant supply-voltage and temperature conditions, and per channel where the specification is given that way. A low figure can be useful in a power-constrained design, but “low-Iq” has no universal threshold in the cited specifications.

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OPA167x: a documented low-Iq audio example

Texas Instruments describes the OPA1677 (single), OPA1678 (dual) and OPA1679 (quad) as low-distortion audio op amps. The manufacturer’s revision E datasheet, dated January 2017 and revised December 2022, specifies 2 mA typical quiescent current per channel. This is a manufacturer-published typical value, not an independent measurement or a maximum-current guarantee.

OPA167x specification Published value
Typical quiescent current 2 mA per channel
Input voltage noise density 4.5 nV/√Hz at 1 kHz
Distortion 0.0001% at 1 kHz
Open-loop gain 114 dB
Slew rate 9 V/µs
Gain bandwidth 16 MHz
Output and stability Rail-to-rail output; unity-gain stable
Supply range 4.5 V to 36 V, or ±2.25 V to ±18 V

These are specifications published by TI in the OPA167x datasheet; they do not predict the performance or audible quality of a complete circuit on their own. TI lists applications including professional microphones and wireless systems, audio mixers and control surfaces, guitar and other musical-instrument amplifiers, A/V receivers, and automotive external amplifiers.

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How to compare low-Iq audio op amps

Iq is only one axis of selection. A useful comparison starts with the circuit’s actual supply, source, signal bandwidth and load, then checks whether each candidate meets those needs.

  • Current: Compare typical and maximum Iq per channel at the supply voltage and temperature relevant to the design. Account for the number of channels.
  • Noise: Noise density at one frequency is not total circuit noise. Consider the source impedance and integrated noise across the circuit’s operating bandwidth.
  • Distortion: Check the frequency, gain, load and measurement conditions behind each published figure; unlike-for-like numbers are not necessarily a controlled comparison.
  • Voltage compatibility: Confirm supply range as well as input common-mode and output-swing limits for the intended signal levels.
  • Drive and stability: Check output current, load impedance and capacitive-load stability rather than assuming the op amp can drive any downstream load directly.
  • Dynamic performance and fit: Match bandwidth and slew rate to the signal, and verify channel count, package, temperature grade and footprint.

OPA167x and OPA1656 figures are not a head-to-head test

TI’s OPA1656 product information lists typical Iq of 3.9 mA per channel, noise density of 4.3 nV/√Hz at 1 kHz, THD+N of 0.000029% at 1 kHz, gain bandwidth of 53 MHz and slew rate of 24 V/µs. These are manufacturer-published specifications for a different device, not results from a controlled comparison with the OPA167x. Architecture, test conditions and the circuit application matter when interpreting the differences. See TI’s OPA1656 product page.

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Why more Class AB bias is not automatically better

In an output stage, increasing standing bias can reduce crossover distortion, but it also increases idle dissipation. TI’s LME49830TB high-power amplifier reference design describes the goal as minimizing crossover distortion while keeping quiescent dissipation low, with diminishing returns as bias rises. That is a general output-stage design tradeoff—not a bias-setting recipe for an integrated op amp. The relevant op-amp specifications and the actual circuit remain the basis for selection.

Analog Devices summarizes the intended benefit of the small bias: “The small dc bias current is sufficient to prevent crossover distortion, enabling good sound quality.” This describes the Class AB bias principle; it is not a guarantee that any Class AB op amp will deliver a particular audible result.

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