Next.js can send a page to the browser in pieces: ready parts appear first, while a slower part waits behind a React <Suspense> boundary and shows a fallback. Use loading.tsx for a route-segment loading state; add an explicit boundary when you want to stream only a particular component or section. Streaming works only when the covered work actually suspends and the deployment path passes the response through without buffering.
How does component streaming work in Next.js?
With the App Router, streaming means sending parts of a server-rendered route as they become ready instead of holding the entire response until every part is complete. React Suspense supplies a control point: a boundary wraps content that may suspend and defines what to display while that content is pending. Ready content outside the boundary can be sent while the enclosed subtree is still being prepared.
Next.js describes the component-sized approach this way: “Streaming works well with React’s component model, as each component can be considered a chunk.” Next.js Learn: App Router streaming.
When a fallback renders, or a Server Component suspends inside a boundary, the response body can begin streaming. The fallback is temporary UI: once the content is ready, Next.js replaces it with the completed content. A boundary does not make arbitrary synchronous code asynchronous, speed up a backend, or guarantee a shorter total load time. It helps avoid making ready parts of a route wait for pending work.
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How do I use Suspense to stream part of a page?
Import Suspense from React and wrap the specific subtree that may take time to render. Put a meaningful, lightweight fallback in the boundary. For example:
import { Suspense } from 'react'
import BlogList from '@/components/BlogList'
import BlogListSkeleton from '@/components/BlogListSkeleton'
export default function BlogPage() {
return (
<main>
<header><h1>Welcome</h1></header>
<Suspense fallback={<BlogListSkeleton />}>
<BlogList />
</Suspense>
</main>
)
}The heading is outside the boundary, so it can be sent without waiting for the list. The list displays its skeleton only if it suspends during rendering on supported async work. A boundary around a component that does not suspend will not show the fallback simply because that component seems slow for some other reason.
Use separate boundaries for independently ready sections
If a feed and a weather panel load independently, put each in its own boundary when each can become ready on its own. This lets static page content and whichever section is ready appear without waiting for the other. Choose boundaries according to the parts of the interface that genuinely have separate pending states, rather than wrapping a whole page in one boundary by default.
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When should I use loading.tsx versus a manual Suspense boundary?
loading.tsx is a Next.js route-segment convention built on Suspense. A manual boundary is an explicit React component wrapper that lets you select a smaller area. The choice is mainly about scope and placement:
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|---|---|---|---|
loading.tsx |
The matching route segment’s page and descendants | Convention: Next.js places the loading UI within the segment’s layout and wraps the route content | The route segment as a whole needs an immediate loading state |
Manual <Suspense> |
The selected subtree | Explicit: place the boundary near the slow or dynamic work | Other page content should show while a particular section is pending |
Use a light skeleton or another useful placeholder. Next.js can prefetch the loading.tsx fallback for navigation when possible. A closer manual boundary gives finer control, and multiple boundaries can let independent sections stream separately. In either case, the work that suspends must be inside the boundary intended to handle it.
Why does my loading.tsx not show while data loads?
A common cause is that the blocking work occurs before the page content covered by the loading state can render. In particular, uncached or runtime work in a layout—such as cookies(), headers(), or an uncached fetch—can block navigation before a same-segment loading.tsx helps. Move that work into the page when appropriate, or put it inside a closer Suspense boundary.
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- Check boundary scope: confirm the slow component is a descendant of the boundary whose fallback you expect to see.
- Check whether the work suspends: adding Suspense does not turn synchronous work into asynchronous work.
- Check placement: if the work runs in a layout before the page’s boundary can take effect, adjust where it runs or add a boundary around the work.
- Check delivery: a proxy or platform that buffers responses can make streaming appear not to work even when the app renders a fallback.
Next.js explains these placement and data-fetching patterns in its App Router data-fetching documentation.
How do Server Components and Client Components fit?
Streaming is compatible with both Server and Client Components. One documented pattern is to start a promise in a Server Component, pass it to a Client Component, and have that Client Component call React’s use() with the promise under Suspense. While the promise is pending, use() suspends and the boundary can show its fallback. See Next.js Server and Client Components for the framework’s component model and examples.
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Suspense also supports selective hydration: React can prioritize parts of the page becoming interactive in response to user interaction. This is not a guarantee that every boundary hydrates independently in every application.
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Why does streaming work locally but not after deployment?
Streaming must survive the entire response path between Next.js and the browser. A reverse proxy, load balancer, or hosting platform that buffers the response can hold chunks until much later, removing the incremental display users should see. For self-hosted deployments, Next.js says to disable buffering in nginx or a similar proxy; its example uses the X-Accel-Buffering: no header. It also says load balancers and reverse proxies must pass chunked or HTTP/2 streaming responses through. Check the behavior of the specific platform and every intermediary in the path.
There are two additional caveats to distinguish from a broken Suspense boundary:
- Static export: the Next.js loading convention documentation lists static export as unsupported for this streaming behavior. Deployment support varies, so do not assume a local result carries over to every target.
- Small responses: some browsers may buffer very small responses until they exceed 1024 bytes, according to the Next.js loading convention page last updated February 27, 2026. This can affect a tiny demonstration; it is not a performance benchmark.
For self-hosting guidance, see Next.js self-hosting documentation.
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What happens to status codes and metadata?
Streaming begins after response headers are set. Once sent, the HTTP status cannot be changed. Next.js documents that a streamed response returns status 200; streamed notFound() content can still include a noindex meta tag. If a true HTTP 404 is required for compliance or analytics, determine that the content is missing before the response starts streaming.
For bots that only scrape static HTML, Next.js resolves generateMetadata before streaming and includes metadata in the initial head. Other user agents may receive streaming metadata based on automatic user-agent detection. Do not assume identical behavior for every crawler or search system; verify the behavior of the bots that matter to your site. These details are in the Next.js loading convention reference.
Quick Recap
How should I choose and debug a boundary?
- Identify the pending work. Locate the data access or other supported async operation that actually suspends.
- Choose the scope. Use
loading.tsxif the whole route segment should have a loading state; use a manual boundary if ready content should remain visible around a pending section. - Place the work inside that scope. Confirm the slow work is below the intended boundary, not in a layout that blocks before it can render.
- Use boundaries for independently ready sections. Give each section its own boundary when separate arrival times improve the experience.
- Inspect the deployed response path. Confirm the hosting platform, proxy, and load balancer do not buffer the response, and account for the static-export limitation.
- Test the user agents and status behavior you rely on. Check relevant crawlers, streamed not-found pages, and whether your application needs a true HTTP 404 before streaming starts.
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