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Before a Massachusetts cold snap, arrange heating-system and chimney maintenance, test smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms, seal drafts, insulate vulnerable pipes, check fuel, and prepare for a possible power outage. There is no single state-set date for the season’s “first cold snap,” so use current local forecasts and alerts to time your final checks.

1. Get your heating equipment and chimney ready

Book annual professional maintenance for your furnace, boiler, water heater, or oil burner, as appropriate for your home. Different systems have different service needs; follow the equipment manufacturer’s instructions and use a qualified professional for inspection or repair.

If you use a fireplace, wood stove, or pellet stove, arrange an annual chimney and flue inspection and cleaning. Clear leaves, vegetation, and other obstructions from exterior vents and exhausts, and check again for drifting snow during and after a storm. Keep combustibles away from heating equipment.

Check that you have enough heating fuel for the conditions forecast. Massachusetts also advises keeping heating vents clear of snow. A blocked vent or exhaust can create a serious safety hazard, so do not treat snow clearance as a cosmetic task.

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2. Test smoke and carbon monoxide alarms

Test smoke and CO alarms monthly. Massachusetts guidance calls for alarms on every level and outside bedrooms; exact smoke-alarm locations and CO requirements depend on alarm type and the residence. For most homes, the state’s CO guidance calls for an alarm within 10 feet of bedroom doors on levels with sleeping areas. Check the state’s smoke and carbon monoxide alarm requirements for details that apply to your home.

Look at each alarm’s manufacture date and follow its manufacturer’s replacement guidance. State materials give device-dependent intervals, so there is no single replacement lifespan that applies to every alarm. If buying a replacement, choose one listed by a recognized testing laboratory such as UL or Intertek, and verify that its type and placement meet local requirements.

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3. Cut drafts and protect pipes

Check doors and windows for drafts. Caulk gaps and use weather stripping where appropriate; interior window coverings can also help reduce heat loss. Massachusetts recommends proper home insulation, but sealing a few obvious gaps is not a substitute for professional assessment if insulation or heating equipment has a larger problem.

Identify pipes in cold or exposed areas, such as near exterior walls, and insulate them. Find the main water shutoff before a leak occurs, and make sure household members know where it is. Massachusetts’ Prepare Your Home for Emergencies guidance includes insulation and weather-sealing steps.

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4. Make an outage plan before severe weather

Keep a flashlight, spare batteries, a radio, first-aid supplies, drinking water, and nonperishable food where you can reach them. Charge phones and other essential electronics when severe weather approaches. Check fuel supplies and decide where household members can stay if the primary heating system stops working.

Know how to shut off water and other utilities if an emergency requires it. For current weather and outage information, follow local alerts and the National Weather Service winter safety guidance. Use a generator only outdoors, never indoors or in an enclosed space, and follow its manufacturer’s instructions. Apply the same ventilation and manufacturer-direction rule to any backup heating equipment.

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5. Use supplemental heat safely

A portable electric space heater is for temporary use, not a replacement for a home’s primary heating system. Keep combustible materials at least three feet away, plug the heater directly into a wall outlet, and turn it off when leaving the room or going to sleep. Never heat a home with a gas stove or oven. Follow the heater’s instructions and current Massachusetts fire-safety guidance for any additional restrictions.

These precautions address a substantial state safety concern: Massachusetts Department of Fire Services reported nearly 6,000 heating fires from 2019 through 2023, with eight deaths, 139 injuries to residents and firefighters, and more than $42 million in damage. It also reported nearly 5,000 Massachusetts non-fire incidents involving carbon monoxide in 2023. These are state-reported figures for those periods, not a prediction of an individual home’s risk.

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Amazon Basics Ceramic Space Heater, Portable Indoor Heating Solution, With Overheat and Tip-Over Protection, Thermostat, Non-Oscillating, 1500W, 7.52"D x 6.34"W x 9.45"H, Black
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  • NOT FOR HUMID ENVIRONMENTS: Please avoid using this heater in Bathrooms, Laundry Rooms, or other high-moisture areas.

6. Know what to do if pipes freeze or heat fails

If a pipe freezes

Massachusetts extreme-cold instructions advise opening faucets and warming the frozen section with a hair dryer or towels soaked in hot water. An older state cold-weather handout also advises removing pipe insulation and starting at the part most exposed to cold. Never use an open flame to thaw a pipe. If you cannot safely reach or warm it, contact a qualified plumber.

If your heating system stops

Consolidate household members in one room and use safe layers and blankets while arranging appropriate help. Do not use an oven or gas stove for warmth, and do not improvise with fuel-burning devices indoors. If you suspect carbon monoxide exposure or another immediate danger, leave the home and contact emergency services.

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