Test the specific capability in the environment that will run your code. For a runtime API, check the relevant property or method on its owning object; for behavior-sensitive features, test the behavior itself. Use the result to choose a fallback. CSS has dedicated support queries, while JavaScript syntax support must be checked against the target runtime because unsupported syntax can prevent a file from running at all.
Start by identifying exactly what needs to be supported
“Modern JavaScript” is too broad to test meaningfully. Name the particular syntax feature, API member, or CSS declaration your code needs, then identify where it will execute: a browser, embedded webview, server-side runtime, or another host. A check is useful only when it concerns the capability the code actually depends on.
Feature detection asks whether a capability is available in the environment executing the code, rather than guessing from the browser’s name or version. That makes the result useful for choosing a supported code path or fallback. MDN’s feature detection guide demonstrates this approach.
For runtime APIs, check the owning object
Check for an API entry point on the object that provides it before calling it. For example, test for geolocation on navigator before using the Geolocation API:
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if ("geolocation" in navigator) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(onPosition);
} else {
showStaticMap();
}
The fallback should preserve a useful experience when the capability is missing; in this example, the page can show a static map instead. Avoid calling a potentially absent method first and hoping to catch an error afterward.
When presence is not enough, test the behavior
A property’s existence does not always prove that the feature works as your code requires. Depending on the feature, check whether a method exists, whether a test call returns the expected kind of result, or whether an assigned value is retained. Keep such a test narrow and safe: a probe should not trigger a costly operation or alter user data.
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Some capabilities cannot be reliably detected with a simple test. MDN’s feature detection guidance discusses property, method, return-value, and retained-value checks, and notes that some features require another approach, such as a polyfill where appropriate.
Syntax support is different from API availability
An API check runs after the JavaScript parser has accepted the file. Syntax support is a parser question: if the target runtime does not understand a construct, it may reject the source before any runtime check executes. A try/catch surrounding unsupported syntax in the same file is therefore not a general solution; execution may never reach the handler.
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For syntax-dependent code, consult compatibility information for the exact language feature and target runtimes, then use a build strategy that produces compatible code or provide an alternative implementation. MDN’s compatibility tables include JavaScript features and runtime support. Compatibility data helps with planning, but it does not guarantee behavior in a customized host or an environment with feature flags.
Use CSS support queries for CSS features
If JavaScript needs to choose behavior based on whether a CSS declaration is supported, use CSS.supports(). It accepts a property/value pair or a support-condition string and returns a boolean:
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if (CSS.supports("grid-template-columns", "subgrid")) {
loadSubgridStyles();
} else {
loadFallbackStyles();
}
When the decision is only about styling, keep it in CSS with @supports:
.layout {
display: grid;
}
@supports (grid-template-columns: subgrid) {
.layout {
grid-template-columns: subgrid;
}
}
MDN describes the @supports rule as the preferred approach when CSS alone can make the decision. These queries test CSS support; they do not test JavaScript syntax or general-purpose APIs.
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Use compatibility data to plan, then test critical behavior
Check a current compatibility reference for the exact feature and every runtime/version you intend to support. MDN Browser Compatibility Data (BCD) is machine-readable and covers web APIs, JavaScript features, CSS, and browser/runtime support. Its detailed entries are updated as features ship and bugs are found, so check the relevant entry rather than relying on a broad claim that a browser supports “modern JavaScript.” See the MDN Browser Compatibility Data project.
Compatibility tables complement runtime checks; they answer different questions. Tables help plan for known targets, while a feature test tells your code what is available in the environment currently executing it. For critical behavior, validate the actual behavior in supported environments where implementations may differ. A feature-presence result is evidence of availability, not proof that every edge case behaves identically.
Choose the check that matches the question
| Approach | Best for | What it establishes | Main caution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Object or member check | Runtime APIs and properties | The relevant entry point exists on its owning object | Presence may not establish behavior, permission, or current state |
| Focused behavior test | Features where implementation behavior matters | The tested behavior works for that test | Keep the test safe and narrow; it may not cover every edge case |
CSS.supports() or @supports |
CSS declarations and values | The CSS feature query is accepted | It does not test JavaScript grammar or a general API |
| MDN BCD or compatibility tables | Planning support for target runtimes | Documented compatibility by feature and runtime | Data evolves; verify the relevant versions and treat it as reference information |
| Browser or user-agent detection | Exceptional browser-specific workarounds | A clue about browser identity | Identity is not capability; user-agent strings can be ambiguous or misleading |
Why browser identity is a poor substitute
A browser may lack a feature in an older version even when a newer version includes it, while another browser may support the same capability. User-agent strings can identify multiple browsers or misrepresent the environment. Branching on browser identity can therefore select the wrong path. Prefer testing the capability itself and supplying a fallback; reserve identity-based workarounds for cases where a browser-specific difference is established. MDN explains the limits of feature detection and browser-specific handling.
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