To stop a website from contacting third-party servers while it runs, remove its remote dependencies, keep required resources on the site’s own origin or in the application, and control what happens when a resource is missing. If the site must also work offline, precache its pages, assets, and required data with a service worker. A service worker cannot make the first visit request-free: the browser must initially load the page and worker before it can store resources for later.
First, define what “without external network requests” means
The phrase can describe two different goals. “No third-party requests” means the page does not contact origins other than your own site; requests to your own server may continue. “No network requests during use” is stricter: after resources are available locally, the site must not fetch from your server or any other network host as users navigate or use features.
Neither goal makes an uncached website appear on a device that has never loaded it and has no connection. For an offline experience, a user needs to load the site at least once while connected, or receive it through some other local installation method. Decide whether that initial delivery is allowed, and state the scope of the promise clearly.
Find every source of runtime requests
Requests come both from code you write and from resources the browser loads on the page’s behalf. A remote script, stylesheet, font, image, video, or embedded widget can contact another origin. So can application code that requests API data or dynamically imports code. MDN’s guide to caching progressive web apps describes these resource and data requests.
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Inventory the site’s routes and features, not just its homepage. Check page templates, CSS imports, JavaScript, HTML attributes, and third-party tools. Commonly overlooked sources include tag managers, analytics, maps, chat widgets, video embeds, remotely hosted fonts, image services, and API endpoints.
- Inspect the browser’s Network panel as you load each route and use its interactive features.
- Record each requested host and the resource or feature that initiated the request.
- Distinguish runtime requests made by a visitor’s browser from downloads made during your build process. A build may retrieve dependencies without the deployed site doing so, but review the shipped files and their runtime behavior.
Remove or replace remote dependencies
For a no-third-party policy, move resources you control to your own origin or package them with the application. Replace remote fonts, images, and scripts with local files where licensing and maintenance permit. Remove third-party embeds or replace them with a static image, local content, or a user-initiated link that does not load the external service until selected.
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Features that depend on remote APIs need a deliberate redesign if they must work without network access. You might provide a limited local version, omit the feature offline, or store the data needed for supported tasks. Merely hosting the page’s HTML and JavaScript locally does not make API-powered functionality self-contained.
Use a service worker for repeat visits and offline access
A service worker is associated with an origin and a path, and can handle navigation and resource requests for pages within its scope. Its fetch handler can return a response from the Cache API instead of asking the network. MDN describes service workers as proxy servers between web applications, the browser, and the network in its Service Worker API documentation.
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Register the worker from the site and use its installation stage to cache the application shell: the pages, scripts, styles, fonts, images, and other resources needed for the offline routes you intend to support. The Cache API stores request-and-response pairs; it does not automatically make every page or feature available offline. MDN’s guide to using service workers explains setup and installation for offline preparation.
Service workers require a secure context: deploy over HTTPS, or use localhost for local development. They control only pages within their origin and path scope, so they are not a browser-wide tool for blocking requests from other sites. They may also add some performance cost because the browser can need to start the worker to decide whether to use the cache or network.
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Choose what happens when the cache has no answer
Caching alone does not guarantee zero runtime requests. A common cache-first pattern checks the cache and then tries the network on a miss. For a strict no-network runtime, make a miss return a deliberate local fallback or error; do not call fetch() as a fallback. Also review features such as background synchronization, which can send queued work when connectivity returns.
| Strategy | Network use | Freshness and offline behavior |
|---|---|---|
| Cache-first | A cache miss may trigger a network request in common implementations. For strict no-network behavior, return a local fallback or error instead. | Cached resources can be available offline and quickly, but may be stale. |
| Network-first | Requests the network first. | Favors fresh content, but needs a working cached fallback to function offline. |
These are design choices, not a single setting that suits every resource. App-shell files that change infrequently may be good candidates for precaching. Frequently changing data has a different freshness trade-off. MDN’s offline and background operation guide discusses offline behavior and synchronization.
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Restrict allowed sources with Content Security Policy
A Content Security Policy (CSP) can limit where a page is allowed to load different kinds of resources. MDN’s CSP header reference describes directives including connect-src for script interfaces, along with script-src, style-src, img-src, font-src, frame-src, and worker-src. default-src provides a fallback for fetch directives.
Build the policy from your resource inventory and allow only the sources the site actually needs. A restrictive policy can block legitimate scripts, workers, or assets if it does not match the implementation. CSP is a guardrail against disallowed loads; it does not replace removing dependencies, preparing offline resources, or defining cache-miss behavior.
Test the site under the conditions you promise
- Install the worker while online. Load the site over HTTPS (or localhost during development) and allow the service worker to install and cache the resources for the routes you support.
- Inspect requests. In browser developer tools, open the Network panel and note which origins appear during page load and feature use.
- Simulate loss of connectivity. Disable network connectivity in the browser’s developer tools, then reload after the worker has installed. A first visit with no cached resources cannot demonstrate offline support.
- Exercise every route and feature. Check navigation, forms, search, media, and other controls—not only whether the homepage renders.
- Check misses and updates. Confirm that an uncached resource produces the intended local fallback or error, and that your cache versioning and cleanup approach does not leave users with incompatible old files.
For a no-third-party goal, verify that no unexpected third-party host appears. For a strict no-network runtime, also verify that no same-origin request is made during use. These checks follow the documented request and cache mechanics; they are a validation procedure, not a claim that a particular site has been tested.
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