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Idiomatic Go documentation puts a package overview on the package, a clear comment immediately above each exported declaration, and the important behavior and guarantees readers need to use the API correctly. The Go Authors’ Go Doc Comments guide describes the conventions; gofmt, go doc, pkg.go.dev, and gopls help format and surface the results.
Where do Go documentation comments belong?
A doc comment is a comment immediately before a top-level package, constant, function, type, or variable declaration, with no blank line between the comment and declaration. Every exported name—that is, one whose name begins with a capital letter—should have a doc comment. The Go Authors’ Go Doc Comments guide treats comments as the primary documentation attached to the API.
Place a package comment in one source file in the package. In a package split across several files, repeating the package comment causes the comments to be concatenated into one package comment. A dedicated doc.go file is a conventional place for a substantial package introduction, but it is not required.
How should a package comment begin?
Regular packages
Begin the first sentence with “Package ” followed by the package name. For example:
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package archiveUse the rest of the comment to introduce the package and set expectations. For a large package, briefly map its important API areas and direct readers to the relevant symbol comments. A small package may need only a concise introduction.
Command packages
For a command, describe what the program does rather than presenting it as a library. The opening should identify the binary in a grammatical sentence; for example, “The seedgen command generates seed files.” The Go Authors’ Go Code Review Comments page gives command-comment patterns such as “The seedgen command …” and “Seedgen …”.
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What belongs in an identifier comment?
Start with a complete sentence that names the declaration. That opening should make sense when shown on its own in documentation or an editor tooltip. Explain what a type represents, what a function does or returns, or what a variable or constant means.
// Decoder reads values from an encoded stream.
type Decoder struct {}Document semantics that affect how callers use the API, especially when they are not obvious from the declaration. Depending on the symbol, useful details can include:
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- What the zero value means and whether it is ready to use.
- Whether callers may use a value concurrently.
- The meaning of exported fields.
- Important behavior, side effects, or error conditions.
For functions, say what the function returns; for a function whose main purpose is a side effect, explain what it does. Named parameters and results can be referred to by name when that makes the contract clearer. Keep related declarations together when a shared comment explains them naturally. For a group of constants, a group comment can explain their common meaning, with short trailing comments for individual values where needed.
How do Go doc-comment syntax and tools work?
Go doc comments use a lightweight syntax based on a simplified subset of Markdown. They support paragraphs, headings, links, lists without nesting, and preformatted code blocks, but not complex Markdown features such as raw HTML. Use bracketed links to refer to exported identifiers in the current package or other packages.
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gofmt reformats doc comments into canonical form while preserving paragraph breaks. Keep related prose in the same paragraph; use a blank line to begin a new one. The rendered documentation is then available in different contexts:
go doclooks up documentation for packages and symbols from the command line.- pkg.go.dev displays public package documentation when the package’s license terms permit it.
goplsexposes documentation in supported editors and IDEs.
To deprecate an API, add a paragraph beginning with Deprecated:. State what is deprecated, why, and what callers should use instead when a replacement exists. Directive comments are for tooling and are not part of rendered doc comments.
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How can you review a Go doc comment?
- Is the comment directly attached to the declaration it describes, with no blank line in between?
- Does the opening sentence name the package or identifier and read clearly on its own?
- Does the comment explain the API’s purpose or behavior, rather than merely restating its name?
- Have you explained important guarantees, zero-value behavior, error conditions, and exported fields?
- Do any links or code examples make sense in Go’s comment syntax?
- If the API is deprecated, does the notice explain why and identify a path forward?
Keep comments focused on promises and behavior that package users need to understand. Implementation details that do not affect the API contract usually belong in code comments near the relevant implementation, not in the public documentation.
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