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Start with the first failure
Before changing the test, collect the full terminal output and traceback, the smallest relevant .robot file, the exact command you ran, and your Python, Robot Framework, SeleniumLibrary, and Selenium versions. Note your operating system, browser and browser version too. These details help distinguish an environment mismatch from a test or page problem.
Robot Framework writes an HTML log and report for a run; SeleniumLibrary also takes a screenshot by default when one of its keywords fails. Use these artifacts to identify the earliest failed step and what the browser displayed then. Robot Framework’s user guide describes the run output; the SeleniumLibrary keyword reference documents failure screenshots and browser configuration.
Check the Python environment and library import
A common early failure is running robot from a different Python environment than the one where SeleniumLibrary was installed. Install or upgrade the package in the environment used for the test:
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Make sure the test imports the library in its settings section. Without that import, Selenium keywords such as Open Browser are not available:
*** Settings ***
Library SeleniumLibraryIf the error says the library cannot be imported, resolve the environment or installation mismatch first. Changing locators cannot fix a missing Python package.
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Run the intended test file or suite
Pass the path to the intended test file or suite directory to Robot Framework. For example, the official WebDemo documentation uses:
robot login_tests
robot login_tests/valid_login.robotThe first command runs the suite directory; the second runs one test file. If the command reports no tests or cannot find a file, check the current working directory, spelling, and path before investigating browser behavior. The WebDemo instructions show these commands in the context of that specific example.
Start the example application when required
A test that targets a demo application cannot reach it unless that application is running. The official WebDemo expects its server at http://localhost:7272. A connection-refused error for that address indicates the demo may not be running or may be listening elsewhere. Start the WebDemo server as its instructions specify before running its tests. Its credentials and page locators are for that demo only; do not reuse them as if they applied to another application.
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Separate browser startup errors from test errors
If the test imports successfully but fails at Open Browser, first confirm that the browser name is valid and that the browser is installed. SeleniumLibrary documents browser names including Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari aliases, along with optional driver and service configuration. SeleniumLibrary’s project documentation says Selenium Manager installs and manages browsers and drivers automatically. If that automatic setup cannot work in your environment, use the actual Selenium startup error and driver logs to determine the required configuration rather than downloading an arbitrary driver.
Record the requested browser, browser version, Selenium version, operating system, and any driver or service error. Consult the Open Browser keyword reference for supported arguments and the SeleniumLibrary project page for its Selenium Manager guidance. Do not assume a missing executable is the cause until the startup message supports it.
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Debug navigation, locators, and timing
If the browser starts but a keyword cannot find or use an element, verify the page actually loaded and that the test is in the intended browser window and frame. Then check whether the locator still matches the current page and whether the requested action is valid for that element. An element lookup failure after a navigation error is often a downstream symptom, not a locator problem.
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For content that appears asynchronously, wait for a concrete expected condition rather than relying on a fixed sleep. For example:
*** Settings ***
Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Test Cases ***
Example Page Has Expected Element
Open Browser https://example.com chrome
Wait Until Page Contains Element css:main 10s
Close BrowserThis illustrates the structure only: replace the URL and locator with ones appropriate to your application. Wait Until Page Contains Element fails if its timeout expires without finding the locator. Use a timeout appropriate to the page and environment; increasing it indefinitely can hide a broken navigation or incorrect locator. The keyword reference documents the wait and notes that execution-speed controls are intended for demonstration or debugging, not as a way to check that elements appear.
Use screenshots and logs to pinpoint the page state
Open the run’s log.html and report.html to see which keyword failed and what came before it. Inspect the SeleniumLibrary screenshot associated with a keyword failure to check whether the browser showed the expected page, a loading state, an error, or something else. SeleniumLibrary documents ways to change or disable its run-on-failure behavior; use those settings only if you have a specific reason to alter the default artifact.
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Use a minimal test pattern when the example is unclear
Keep the test small enough to identify whether setup, navigation, interaction, or teardown is failing. The SeleniumLibrary example pattern imports the library, opens a browser, interacts with page elements, and closes the browser in teardown. Adapt its structure to your own application instead of copying demo-specific credentials or locators. The Robot Framework SeleniumLibrary guide provides a concise import and test example.
When reducing a failing test, retain the first failing action and the setup needed to reach it. Remove unrelated keywords only after confirming they are not part of the failure path. This makes it easier to tell whether the problem is reproducible without the rest of the suite.
Common error patterns and what to check
| Symptom | Likely stage | First check |
|---|---|---|
| “Library not found” or import error | Python dependency/import | Install SeleniumLibrary in the same Python environment that runs robot; confirm Library SeleniumLibrary is under *** Settings ***. |
| No tests found or file cannot be opened | Discovery/invocation | Check the working directory and pass the correct test file or suite path. |
| Connection refused for the demo URL | Application/navigation | For the official WebDemo, start its server and confirm it serves at http://localhost:7272. |
| Browser fails to start | Browser startup | Check the requested browser and installed browser; inspect the Selenium/driver startup message and environment before configuring a driver path. |
| Element not found after the browser opens | Navigation/locator/timing | Confirm the intended page, window, and frame; recheck the locator and wait for asynchronously loaded content. |
| A later assertion also fails | Often downstream | Trace backward to the first failed keyword; later assertions may reflect an earlier startup, navigation, or interaction failure. |
When to consider a different Robot Framework browser library
If you are choosing a browser automation stack rather than repairing an existing SeleniumLibrary test, Robot Framework also documents a separate Browser library based on Playwright. Its documented setup includes Node.js and rfbrowser init. It is a different backend with its own dependencies, so adopting it means choosing or migrating to another library, not applying a direct fix to SeleniumLibrary examples. The available documentation does not establish a universal speed or reliability winner.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does a successful Robot Framework run prove every browser and Python combination is supported?
No. Check SeleniumLibrary’s current project documentation for its stated support range and verify the dependencies in your own environment.
Should I switch to the Browser library to fix a SeleniumLibrary error?
Not as a first-line repair. Browser is a separate Playwright-based library with different setup requirements; first isolate the failing SeleniumLibrary stage.
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