To retrieve the HTML after a page’s JavaScript has changed its DOM, navigate to the page, wait for the content you need to appear, then call await page.content(). Puppeteer documents this as returning the full current HTML, including the DOCTYPE. For a specific element or custom serialization, use page.$eval() or page.evaluate().
Get the rendered HTML of a full page
This example uses an application-specific selector as the readiness condition. Replace the URL and selector with values that match the page you are retrieving.
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
// Wait until the page has added the content you need.
await page.waitForSelector('#results');
const html = await page.content();
console.log(html);
} finally {
await browser.close();
}page.content() reads the page’s current document markup. It is not a snapshot of the original response HTML: JavaScript that has already updated the DOM can be reflected in the returned value. The Puppeteer documentation describes the result as “The full HTML contents of the page, including the DOCTYPE.” See the Page.content() API.
Choose a wait condition that matches the content
Navigation completing does not necessarily mean a client-side application has finished rendering its data. Wait for evidence tied to the particular content you want, rather than assuming one generic delay works on every site.
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- A known element appears: use
await page.waitForSelector('.result'). This waits for a matching element to be available. Puppeteer’s page interactions guide recommends locators for selecting and interacting with elements and describeswaitForSelector()as a lower-level API. - A DOM condition becomes true: use
waitForFunction()when readiness depends on a count, text, or status marker rather than the mere presence of one element. - A particular response arrives: use
waitForResponse()when a response matching a URL or predicate matters. A response arriving does not prove that the application has consumed it and rendered the desired DOM. - Network activity becomes quiet: use
waitForNetworkIdle()when network quiet is useful, but do not treat it as universal proof that rendering is complete. Puppeteer documents that the wait lasts at least the configured idle time.
See the relevant APIs for waitForSelector(), waitForFunction(), waitForResponse(), and waitForNetworkIdle().
Wait for a custom DOM condition
await page.waitForFunction(() => {
return document.querySelectorAll('.result').length > 0;
});
const html = await page.content();waitForFunction() evaluates a function in the page context and waits until it returns a truthy value. Choose a condition that actually indicates the data you need is present; a condition that is too broad can pass before the page is ready.
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Retrieve one element or serialize the DOM yourself
Extract one matching element
const html = await page.$eval('.content', element => element.outerHTML);This returns the selected element’s markup rather than the complete document. If the selector matches no element, $eval() throws. See Puppeteer’s $eval() API.
Use a custom serialization
const html = await page.evaluate(() => document.documentElement.outerHTML);page.evaluate() runs its function in the page context and returns the result; if the function returns a Promise, Puppeteer awaits it. This option is useful when you need to transform or narrow the DOM result before returning it. See the Page.evaluate() API.
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Retrieve markup from an iframe
The main page’s serialization does not automatically include an iframe’s internal document markup. If the content is inside a frame, locate that frame and call its content() or evaluate() method in the frame context.
const frame = page.frames().find(frame => frame.url().includes('frame-path'));
if (!frame) {
throw new Error('Target frame not found');
}
const html = await frame.content();Use a frame identifier appropriate to the page, and account for the possibility that the iframe has not loaded yet. Puppeteer’s Frame API documents frame-context content and evaluation methods.
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Avoid confusing HTML retrieval with HTML input or PDF output
page.setContent(html)sets supplied markup as a page’s content; it is an input operation, not how to read a loaded page’s rendered markup. See Page.setContent().page.pdf()generates a PDF. It does not return HTML. See Page.pdf().
Troubleshoot common retrieval failures
- The output is missing dynamically loaded content: navigation may have finished before the application rendered it. Wait for a selector or DOM condition specific to the missing content, then call
page.content(). - A selector wait times out: confirm the selector exists in the rendered page, is spelled correctly, and is in the main document rather than an iframe. If it is in a frame, wait and retrieve content through that frame.
- A response wait succeeds but HTML is still incomplete: the network response only establishes that the matching response arrived. Add a DOM-level wait for the page’s rendered result.
- Network idle never arrives or arrives too soon: pages with ongoing requests may not become idle, and network quiet does not guarantee that the desired UI is ready. Prefer a content-specific condition where possible.
$eval()throws: the selector did not match an element at evaluation time. Wait for the element or verify the selector before extracting it.- The returned HTML differs from what you expected: check whether the desired markup is in an iframe, whether your wait condition identifies the correct state, and whether the page changes the DOM after the condition passes.
Puppeteer’s API documentation changes over time. The current API results consulted for this guide identify version 25.12.0 for several relevant pages and 25.10.0 for the Frame wait-for-selector page; verify method signatures against the version installed in your project.
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