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Do not display an uploaded SVG as-is. Treat it as untrusted XML that can contain active behavior and references to other resources. Parse it, sanitize it with a maintained library that supports SVG, allow only the features your product needs, and render the result in a restricted context. Removing <script> alone is not enough.

Why an SVG needs sanitizing

SVG is more than a static picture format. Its active behavior can come from <script> elements, event-handler attributes such as onclick, and other web-platform features. The W3C SVG 2 conformance criteria describe the restrictions for disabling script execution; deleting script elements without addressing other active features does not establish that an SVG is safe.

An SVG can also reference external resources through markup or CSS. Links, CSS imports, url() references, and nested or foreign content deserve review alongside scripts. The SVG linking specification describes secure static processing for parsed subresources. Which features to retain depends on whether the application needs only a static image or also needs links, styling, or interaction.

Sanitize the file before displaying it

  1. Parse it as SVG/XML. Use a maintained parser and apply upload and resource limits appropriate to your application. No universal numeric limits are established here; choose limits based on your system and expected files.
  2. Use an SVG-capable sanitizer. OWASP recommends sanitizing untrusted markup before inserting it into the DOM, and DOMPurify documents SVG support. A library’s general HTML defaults are not a substitute for deciding which SVG features your application permits.
  3. Define a narrow allowlist. Retain only the elements and attributes needed for the intended image. Explicitly assess script elements, event-handler attributes, URL-bearing attributes, CSS imports and url() references, links, and foreign content. Review styles, animation, and nested content against the product’s requirements rather than assuming they are harmless.
  4. Use the sanitized result, not the original. Do not insert raw, untrusted SVG into an HTML DOM sink. OWASP specifically advises against using innerHTML with untrusted data; where markup insertion is required, sanitize it first and handle the output safely.

Choose a restricted rendering context

Sanitization is only one part of the decision. The rendering route determines which behaviors are possible after processing. SVG 2 distinguishes restricted processing modes from dynamic interactive processing, which does not impose the same feature restrictions. Prefer a mode that disables scripting and external references when those capabilities are unnecessary. The W3C’s secure static processing description and linking rules are useful references when assessing that choice.

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Evaluate the full path from upload through display: whether the sanitized content enters the page DOM or is served as a separate resource, whether scripts or interactions can run, whether external references can load, and whether nested content is permitted. There is no single rendering configuration that fits every application; choose the least powerful context that still meets the use case.

Add a restrictive Content Security Policy

A Content Security Policy (CSP) can add a second layer by limiting where scripts and other resources may come from. CSP directives cover script sources and attributes, styles, and default resource sources; the CSP Level 3 document describes these controls. Configure the policy for the actual way the SVG is delivered and displayed.

CSP does not replace sanitization or safe DOM handling. OWASP cautions that CSP can be misconfigured and should not be the primary XSS defense. Treat it as a containment layer alongside a narrow sanitizer policy and a restricted rendering context.

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Verify the whole upload-to-display route

  • Review the sanitizer version and configuration, including which SVG elements, attributes, and references remain allowed.
  • Test the rendered output in the application’s actual browser and embedding route, not only the sanitizer in isolation.
  • Check that scripts and event handlers do not execute and that disallowed external resources do not load.
  • Retest after changing the sanitizer, its configuration, the rendering method, or relevant browser behavior; keep the dependency current.

Sanitizer defaults and browser implementations can change, so a previously reviewed setup should not be assumed to remain correct without verification. The available standards and library documentation do not establish a universal safe configuration or a tested browser matrix for every application.

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