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mysqldump db_name > backup-file.sql
mysql db_name < backup-file.sqlReplace db_name with the database name and choose a safe path for the backup. Before importing, check that the client is connecting to the intended server and database: the import runs the SQL statements in that file against the target you specify.
What these commands back up—and what they do not
mysqldump creates a logical backup: it asks the server for database object definitions and table contents, then writes SQL statements that can reproduce them. The result is portable and inspectable, and the utility can work at server, database, or table scope. It does not include MySQL server configuration, log files, or other files outside the logical database contents. MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual: mysqldump · MySQL Reference Manual: Backup and Recovery Types
How do I export a MySQL database in Terminal?
Export one database
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Open Terminal and make sure the MySQL server is running and you can authenticate with an account that can read the database.
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Choose where to put the dump. The command below creates
backup-file.sqlin Terminal’s current working directory; use an absolute path if you want a specific location. -
Run the export, replacing
db_nameand the destination filename:mysqldump db_name > backup-file.sqlTo save to a chosen folder, for example:
mysqldump db_name > ~/Documents/db_name-backup.sql -
Check the command’s exit status and confirm the file exists and is nonempty. A successful command and a nonempty file are useful checks, but neither proves that the dump can be restored.
The simple example relies on the client’s configured connection and authentication. If your local server needs an explicit host, port, or account, supply the appropriate client options for your installation. Avoid putting a password directly in the command, where it may be saved in shell history. MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual: mysqldump
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Export every database
The one-database command does not export the whole server. To dump all databases, MySQL documents this separate command:
mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sqlKeep the scope in mind when selecting the output filename and storage location: an all-databases dump may contain much more data than a single-database export. MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual: mysqldump
Where is mysqldump on macOS?
There is no single executable path that applies to every Mac installation. MySQL’s native macOS package installer and compressed TAR archive installation can place command-line utilities differently. Use the mysqldump and mysql clients supplied by your MySQL installation, and resolve their executable location or update your shell’s PATH if Terminal reports command not found. The macOS installation documentation also covers managing the server through its launch daemon; if the server is stopped, start it using the method appropriate to your installation before connecting. MySQL 8.0: Installing MySQL on macOS
How do I restore a MySQL database from a .sql file?
Restore into an existing database
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Confirm the server connection and the exact database name that should receive the data. Importing into the wrong target can change data there.
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Run the MySQL client with the target database name and redirect the dump file into it:
mysql db_name < backup-file.sqlIf the file is elsewhere, provide its full path, such as
mysql db_name < ~/Documents/db_name-backup.sql. -
Review the command’s result and inspect the restored database for the tables and rows you expect. For a backup you rely on, first test the import into a separate database rather than overwriting the live target.
Restore when the target database does not exist
Create the destination deliberately before running the import, using an account and database-creation procedure appropriate to your local server. Then run the same mysql target_database < backup-file.sql pattern against that database. The MySQL manual documents loading SQL dumps with the mysql client; the exact database-creation and authentication commands depend on the server version and account setup. MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual: mysqldump
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Keeping a dump consistent while MySQL is running
For InnoDB tables, --single-transaction can produce an online dump without locking all tables for the full duration. It is not a universal consistency guarantee: concurrent schema changes (DDL) and nontransactional tables require care. Check the storage engines and activity of the database before relying on this option. For the documented backup-policy example that combines --single-transaction with --source-data, a brief initial lock is involved; use only options supported by the installed client version. MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual: mysqldump · MySQL Reference Manual: Establishing a Backup Policy
A logical dump is not the same as point-in-time recovery. That recovery approach also depends on binary logs and server configuration; a dump alone does not provide it. MySQL’s backup-policy guidance discusses full dumps and binary-log context. MySQL Reference Manual: Establishing a Backup Policy
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.When a logical dump is not the right backup method
Logical dumps are often convenient for local development because they are easy to move, inspect, and restore across machines. Their trade-off is that restoring replays SQL statements, which can be slow for substantial data volumes. MySQL says mysqldump is not intended as a fast, scalable solution for large datasets.
Physical backups copy underlying data files. MySQL describes them as faster to make and restore, which can suit large, important datasets with tighter recovery needs, but they are less portable and demand correct handling of server state and files. Do not assume that casually copying a live data directory is a consistent backup. Choose a version-appropriate physical-backup method if the dataset size, restore speed, or recovery requirements exceed what a logical dump can reasonably serve. MySQL Reference Manual: Backup and Recovery Types · MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual: mysqldump
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Make the backup useful in a recovery
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Use a filename that identifies the database and, if helpful, the date, so you can distinguish dumps without opening them.
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Keep a second copy somewhere separate from the Mac if the data matters. An external drive is one possible location, not a substitute for checking the dump or practicing recovery.
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Test a restore into a separate database and inspect expected tables and rows. This is the strongest practical check that the export and import workflow works for your database.
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Use the MySQL manual matching your installed server and client version; option support and macOS installation details can vary by version.
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