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Before upgrading
Start by confirming the Cypress version actually installed in the project, then plan for the next major only. The steps below describe the path from Cypress 9 through 10, 11, and 12; if you are already on a later version, consult the applicable release migration guidance rather than applying these steps blindly.
- Check the installed Cypress version and make a recoverable commit or backup before editing configuration and tests.
- Record the Node.js and browser versions used locally and in CI. Requirements vary by Cypress release, so check the documentation for the exact version being installed.
- Identify whether the project uses end-to-end testing, Component Testing, or both. Locate its Cypress config, plugin and support files, spec files, and component mount helpers.
- Upgrade and validate each major separately. Do not combine the 10, 11, and 12 migrations into one unverified change.
Cypress’s official migration guide is the version-specific reference. The required edits depend on the project’s current files, framework, test behavior, and environment.
Upgrade Cypress 9 to 10
Cypress 10 is primarily a configuration migration: it requires a JavaScript or TypeScript configuration file and no longer supports cypress.json.
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Move configuration out of cypress.json
Create cypress.config.js or cypress.config.ts and move the project’s settings into it. Place end-to-end settings under e2e and Component Testing settings under component, as appropriate. Review settings such as baseUrl, supportFile, componentFolder, and the former testFiles setting, now represented by specPattern. Check the new default spec and support-file locations; preserve custom paths explicitly if the project depends on them.
Move plugin behavior into setupNodeEvents
Move Node-side plugin event handling from the old plugins file into setupNodeEvents in the relevant configuration. Component Testing development-server setup belongs in the component devServer configuration. Review the migration guide for the exact shape of the configuration for your framework and Cypress release rather than copying an unrelated project’s config.
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Update how Cypress opens to the specs list
If a script or workflow launches Cypress directly to the specs list, update it to provide the required testing type and browser arguments. Check shell scripts, package scripts, and CI commands that may still use the old invocation.
Validate version 10
- Install Cypress 10 using the package manager and versioning approach used by the project.
- Resolve configuration errors and confirm Cypress discovers the intended end-to-end and component specs.
- Run
npx cypress verify, then run the project’s relevant tests locally and in CI. - Commit the verified 10 migration before starting the next major upgrade.
Upgrade Cypress 10 to 11
Cypress 11 made Component Testing generally available. The official guide says most projects should migrate without code changes, so focus review on the component mount behavior and framework APIs the project actually uses.
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Check repeated mounts within a test
In Cypress 11, a subsequent cy.mount() call in the same test removes the component mounted previously. If a test requires several components to be present simultaneously, compose them and mount them together instead of relying on repeated mounts to accumulate components.
Review framework-specific mount APIs
Inspect custom mount helpers and assertions that depend on framework-specific return values. For example, Cypress 11’s Vue mount yields an object containing both a wrapper and a component instance, and the Vue mountCallback helper was removed. Apply these changes only where the project uses the affected API.
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Validate version 11
- Update Cypress from 10 to 11.
- Run the Component Testing suite, paying particular attention to custom mount helpers and tests with multiple mounts.
- Run
npx cypress verifyand the project’s full relevant test suite. - Confirm the same checks pass in CI before moving to version 12.
Upgrade Cypress 11 to 12
The most consequential Cypress 12 change for many test suites is browser-state isolation. Cypress documentation says the testIsolation config option is enabled by default. Tests that depended on state left by earlier tests may therefore need changes.
Remove the experimental session and origin flag
Remove experimentalSessionAndOrigin from configuration. The cy.origin() and cy.session() APIs became generally available; use them where the application’s cross-origin or session setup requires them.
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Audit tests for shared browser state
With default isolation enabled, Cypress resets browser context before each test, including page state, cookies, local storage, and session storage. Search for tests that assume a preceding test has already visited a page, authenticated, or populated browser storage. Each test should establish the state it needs—for example, by visiting the application and running its own setup—rather than depending on execution order.
Update testIsolation values deliberately
If the project previously used the experimental setting with on or off, change the value to true or false. Isolation can be disabled, but doing so permits state leakage and order-dependent failures; use that setting only when the suite deliberately requires it and the consequences are understood.
Validate version 12
- Update Cypress from 11 to 12 and remove the obsolete experimental flag.
- Run tests individually or in a way that reveals order dependence, especially tests involving login, cookies, storage, or navigation.
- Fix tests that relied on browser state surviving between tests, or make any intentional isolation choice explicit.
- Run
npx cypress verify, the relevant test suites, and the CI workflow before treating the upgrade as complete.
Troubleshoot common upgrade failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Cypress 10 will not load the old configuration | The project still depends on cypress.json or has not moved settings into a supported config file. |
Create cypress.config.js or cypress.config.ts, move settings into the appropriate e2e or component section, and check renamed or relocated settings such as specPattern. |
| Plugin behavior or component server setup is missing | Code remains in the former plugin file or is configured in the wrong section. | Move Node event handling into setupNodeEvents; configure Component Testing’s development server under component devServer. |
| Expected specs do not appear | Custom paths or assumptions about default spec locations were not carried over. | Review specPattern, support-file paths, and whether the project is opening the intended testing type. |
| A component disappears during a test | The test calls cy.mount() again, replacing the prior mounted component. |
Mount a composed component once if several components must remain present together. |
| Vue component tests fail after upgrading to 11 | A helper was removed or code expects a different mount return value. | Review use of mountCallback and update code to handle the documented return object containing wrapper and component instance. |
| Tests fail only when run in a suite or in a different order | They rely on browser state from a prior test, which conflicts with Cypress 12’s default isolation. | Make each test establish its own page, cookie, and storage state; only disable isolation if the suite intentionally depends on shared state. |
| Verification or CI fails after a version change | The local or CI Node.js/browser environment may not meet that release’s requirements, or the migration may be incomplete. | Check the exact Cypress release documentation and compare local and CI versions, then rerun verification and tests after correcting the environment or code. |
Keep the upgrade reliable and manageable
- Use small, reviewable commits for each major version so a failure can be traced to the relevant migration.
- Run the suite after changing configuration, mount behavior, and isolation rather than postponing all checks until the end.
- Prioritize tests involving login, cross-origin navigation, cookies, local storage, and custom component mounting; those are the behaviors most directly touched by the documented changes.
- Do not assume a successful install means the migration is complete: Cypress verification and project tests are separate checks.
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