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To restart a YouTube stream after a crash, supervise the process that owns the outbound publishing connection. If nginx-rtmp launches FFmpeg, configure that module’s child-process respawn behavior for your exact version. If FFmpeg runs independently, configure the host’s service manager to restart it. Neither approach can fix a dead input, an invalid stream key, a broken network route, or an encoder output YouTube cannot accept.
Find which process publishes to YouTube
Before changing restart settings, trace the outbound connection. It may belong to an FFmpeg child launched by nginx-rtmp, an NGINX RTMP push relay, or a standalone FFmpeg process. Apply recovery at the layer that owns the failed process; restarting a different component may leave the publisher untouched.
- nginx-rtmp child: The module starts FFmpeg through an
execdirective. Review the exec and respawn options supported by the exact module fork and version you installed. The module’s exec directive documentation describes child-process behavior, but forks can differ. - Standalone FFmpeg: A service manager, rather than nginx-rtmp, owns the publisher. Configure its restart policy for that service and inspect its logs and exit status.
- NGINX push relay: NGINX itself owns the outbound relay connection. Do not assume that this also supervises a separate FFmpeg process or repairs a failed upstream source.
Configure recovery for an nginx-rtmp FFmpeg child
When nginx-rtmp launches FFmpeg, use the module’s documented child-respawn settings for your installed fork. There is no safe universal directive or timing value to copy across every nginx-rtmp deployment: check the module version, its configuration syntax, and the FFmpeg command it launches. Respawn covers a child that exits; it is not an end-to-end stream health monitor.
- Inspect the effective configuration. Locate the relevant
applicationblock and itsexecdirective. Confirm the command points to the intended input and YouTube destination, and identify the module’s applicable respawn controls. - Check syntax before applying changes. Run
nginx -tto test the configuration. The cited NGINX documentation describes this validation step; confirm reload and module instructions for your package and installation. - Apply the change using your installation’s procedure. A configuration reload is not itself proof that the child restarted or that YouTube accepted its output. Watch NGINX and FFmpeg logs and verify the resulting connection.
- Test a controlled failure on a noncritical stream. Confirm that an exited child is relaunched, reconnects to YouTube, resumes valid media, and leaves useful logs. This is a recommended verification procedure, not a guarantee that every failure will be detected.
Configure recovery for standalone FFmpeg
If FFmpeg runs independently, place its restart policy in the service manager that launches it. Set an intentional delay and decide which exit conditions should trigger a restart. Exact service-unit syntax and policy depend on the operating system, service-manager release, FFmpeg command, and whether the failure is transient or permanent; use the manual for your host rather than copying a universal unit file.
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- Keep the command, logs, and restart policy associated with the same service so you can correlate failures with recovery attempts.
- Check whether FFmpeg exits when the destination disconnects or remains alive while the connection is stuck. A restart-on-exit policy only helps in the first case.
- Avoid a rapid, unbounded loop against a permanent failure such as a bad key or invalid URL. Fix the underlying configuration instead of repeatedly launching the same failed command.
Check YouTube’s endpoint, stream key, and transport
Copy the current RTMPS ingestion URL and stream key from YouTube Live Control Room. The endpoint is stream-specific; do not treat an example URL or an old key as interchangeable. YouTube recommends RTMPS, and its API documentation describes RTMPS as RTMP tunneled through an SSL connection. The documented ingestion port is 443.
Google’s RTMPS ingestion guidance says the URL must use the rtmps protocol and a valid YouTube endpoint and path. For API-created streams, the LiveStreams resource exposes ingestion address fields and a backup address when dual ingestion is supported. Keep stream keys private: do not expose them in logs, screenshots, or examples.
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If you see timeouts, verify the protocol, hostname, path, port, TLS support, and encoder connection errors before increasing retries. YouTube notes that a timeout can occur when cleartext RTMP is sent to a server expecting RTMPS or when the URL, port, or encoder support is wrong. Retries cannot correct those values.
Verify the input and recovered output separately
A publisher can restart successfully and still fail to deliver a usable stream. Check the source and the encoded output as separate parts of the chain:
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- Input: Confirm the camera, capture device, local relay, or file is still producing media. A restarted FFmpeg process cannot restore a source that has stopped.
- Network: Check that the host can reach the intended YouTube endpoint and that DNS, routing, firewall rules, and TLS connections are not preventing the connection.
- Output: Compare the recovered stream with YouTube’s current encoder settings guidance. The cited guidance lists RTMP/RTMPS and H.264, H.265, or AV1, up to 60 fps, and recommends a two-second keyframe interval that should not exceed four seconds.
- Ingest status: Check stream health in Live Control Room after recovery. A running process alone does not confirm that YouTube is receiving valid media.
Why a restart may not reconnect the stream
The process never exited
Respawn policies generally act when a child exits. If FFmpeg remains alive but is wedged or unable to restore its output connection, a child-exit restart policy may not notice. Compare process state, logs, and connection timestamps; verify the behavior of your exact module fork and FFmpeg build.
The wrong process was restarted
Restarting NGINX does not necessarily restart an independent FFmpeg publisher, and restarting FFmpeg does not necessarily repair an NGINX-owned push relay. Trace which process owns each connection before changing the recovery layer.
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The destination details are wrong
An invalid key, incorrect RTMPS path, wrong port, or unsupported transport will fail again after every restart. Re-copy the current endpoint and key from Live Control Room, and check TLS and connection errors.
The source or encoded media is unavailable
If the input has stopped or the encoder produces media outside YouTube’s current guidance, restarting the publisher cannot make the stream healthy. Confirm source output, encoder logs, and Live Control Room stream health.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does restarting NGINX restart a separate FFmpeg publisher?
Not necessarily. Recovery depends on which process owns and launches the outbound YouTube connection.
Will automatic restarts fix a bad YouTube stream key?
No. A restart repeats the connection attempt; replace the invalid key or endpoint details first.
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