Set the page’s document language and base direction to Arabic and right-to-left, then capture it with Chrome Headless. For a quick viewport image, use Chrome’s --screenshot flag with an explicit --window-size. For scripted, full-page, or element captures, use Puppeteer. The screenshot tool cannot fix incorrect page direction, unloaded content, or unavailable Arabic fonts.
Set the page language and direction
For a page whose overall content is Arabic and right-to-left, declare both language and direction on the root HTML element:
<html lang="ar" dir="rtl">lang="ar" identifies the document language; dir="rtl" sets its base text direction. These declarations are separate: do not assume that Arabic language alone establishes direction. The W3C recommends using the HTML dir attribute to set base direction, rather than CSS, and using lang to identify the language. See the W3C guidance on text direction.
Arabic pages often contain Latin text, numbers, or URLs. Those runs may need their own direction handling; a document-wide RTL setting does not make every mixed-script fragment behave as intended. Review the rendered page, especially inline codes, identifiers, and links. The W3C guide to inline bidirectional markup explains the issue.
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Capture a viewport from the command line
Use Chrome Headless’s screenshot flag and specify the window dimensions to make the viewport and responsive layout predictable:
chrome --headless --screenshot --window-size=1280,1000 --timeout=5000 'https://example.com/'Replace the URL and dimensions with your target page and desired viewport. Chrome saves the image as screenshot.png in the current working directory. The --timeout value is a maximum wait in milliseconds before capture, not proof that every asynchronous asset has finished loading. Adjust it to suit the page, and check the resulting image. See Chrome’s Headless mode documentation.
Use Puppeteer for scripts and full-page captures
Puppeteer gives you navigation control and documented screenshot options, including full-page capture. This runnable ES module opens the URL, sets a viewport, waits for a navigation condition, captures the full page, and closes Chrome even if capture fails:
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import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setViewport({ width: 1280, height: 1000 });
await page.goto('https://example.com/', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'arabic-page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Install Puppeteer in your project and run this as an ES module. Replace the example URL with your page. For a viewport-only screenshot, omit fullPage: true; it defaults to false. Puppeteer also documents element screenshots through ElementHandle.screenshot(), and clipping through the clip option. Consult the Puppeteer screenshot guide and screenshot options reference. Pin the Puppeteer version used in production and consult documentation matching that version, since the live API reference may change.
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Choose the capture scope
| What you need | Practical choice | Key consideration |
|---|---|---|
| One viewport image | Chrome Headless CLI | Set an explicit window size; output goes to the current working directory. |
| Repeatable scripted capture | Puppeteer | Control navigation, page setup, and screenshot options. |
| Entire document | Puppeteer with fullPage: true |
The option is explicitly documented; the cited Chrome CLI documentation does not establish a full-page switch. |
| One element or region | Puppeteer element screenshot or clip |
Ensure the target is visible and positioned where the capture expects it. |
Make sure the rendered page is ready
A successful command only means a capture was produced; it does not guarantee the page is complete or typographically correct. Before relying on the image, check the exact runtime and page state:
- Confirm the root HTML has
lang="ar"anddir="rtl"when the whole page is Arabic RTL. - Inspect Arabic mixed with Latin text, numbers, and URLs, which are bidirectional rather than uniformly RTL.
- Choose the viewport explicitly so the layout and output dimensions are repeatable.
- Wait for the content and fonts that matter. Chrome’s timeout is only a maximum wait; Puppeteer navigation conditions help coordinate capture but do not establish that every application-specific asset is ready.
- If glyphs are missing or inconsistent, verify Arabic coverage in the fonts available in the same operating system or container that runs Chrome. The cited documentation does not prescribe a universal font package or guarantee identical fallback across environments.
Troubleshoot common Arabic screenshot problems
The page reads or aligns left-to-right
Check the rendered document’s root element for dir="rtl"; lang="ar" identifies the language but does not set the base direction. Prefer the HTML direction attribute over CSS for the document’s base direction.
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Arabic and Latin fragments appear in the wrong order
Inspect the individual mixed-script fragment rather than changing the entire page direction. Arabic, Latin strings, numbers, and URLs participate in bidirectional layout; use appropriate inline markup and validate the rendered result.
The capture is clipped or the responsive layout is unexpected
Set the viewport explicitly with --window-size in the CLI or page.setViewport() in Puppeteer. If the goal is the entire document, use Puppeteer’s fullPage: true; for a particular part, use an element screenshot or clip.
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Wait for the relevant page content and fonts before capture. A fixed CLI timeout may expire while asynchronous work is still underway. For font problems, check the installed fonts and page styling in the capture environment itself; available glyphs and fallback differ by runtime, and there is no universally specified Arabic font package in the cited guidance.
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The CLI command produces no image where expected
Chrome writes screenshot.png in the process’s current working directory. Check that directory and confirm the command has reached its capture point; the timeout specifies an upper wait, not a successful-load guarantee.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Chrome Headless’s CLI capture a full page with `–screenshot`?
The cited Chrome Headless documentation establishes the screenshot flag but does not document a full-page CLI switch. Puppeteer documents `fullPage: true`.
Does setting `lang=”ar”` make a page right-to-left?
No. Use `dir=”rtl”` for the document’s base direction and `lang=”ar”` to identify Arabic.
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