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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchRun tmux on the remote Linux host that runs FFmpeg, start the stream inside a named tmux session, then detach with Ctrl-b followed by d. You can close SSH; later, reconnect to the same host and account and reattach to the session. This keeps the process attached to a persistent terminal session, but it does not restart FFmpeg after a crash or keep it alive through a host reboot.
What you need before starting
- A Linux host with FFmpeg and tmux installed, plus a network connection suitable for your stream. The tmux server must run on this host—not on your laptop—because FFmpeg will run here.
- A YouTube channel able to go live and access to its Live Control Room.
- A source file or other input and an FFmpeg command configured for that source. For a file input, a finite file ends when playback reaches the end; tmux does not loop it automatically.
These steps assume you can SSH into the host and run commands there. Installation commands vary by Linux distribution, and the available FFmpeg protocols depend on how its build was compiled.
Get the YouTube stream URL and key
- Open YouTube Studio and go to Live Control Room.
- Create or select the live stream, then copy the server URL and stream key shown for the encoder. YouTube recommends RTMPS when the encoder supports it; see YouTube’s RTMPS instructions.
- Treat the stream key like a password. Keep it out of public scripts, screenshots, shared logs, and article examples. If it is exposed, replace or reset it in Live Control Room.
Use the current URL and key YouTube displays for your stream. Do not assume an endpoint or key from an old command is still valid.
Start FFmpeg inside a named tmux session
- SSH to the remote Linux host that will send the stream to YouTube.
- Create a named session:
tmux new -s youtube-live. If you may already have created it, avoid starting a second copy blindly. To attach to the session if it exists, or create it if it does not, usetmux new-session -A -s youtube-live. - At the shell prompt inside tmux, run your FFmpeg command. FFmpeg documents this basic real-time file-to-RTMP pattern:
ffmpeg -re -i myfile -f flv rtmp://myserver/live/mystream. Replace the input and destination with your actual source, YouTube endpoint, and stream key. For example, the command shape for an RTMPS destination isffmpeg -re -i myfile -c:v libx264 -c:a aac -f flv "rtmps://YOUR_YOUTUBE_ENDPOINT/YOUR_STREAM_KEY"; this is a template, not a complete quality profile. Check the current FFmpeg protocol documentation and your FFmpeg build for protocol support. - Configure the video and audio codecs, resolution, frame rate, bitrate, keyframe interval, and any looping behavior to suit your source and YouTube’s current encoder guidance. A generic template cannot determine those settings safely for every input.
- Wait for FFmpeg to report that it is sending data, then check the stream preview and health indicators in Live Control Room before relying on the broadcast.
The -re option reads a file at its native rate for live streaming; it does not repeat the file. For a playlist or continuous loop, configure the input or command accordingly. Use YouTube’s current encoder settings guidance for recommended codecs, supported frame rates, and bitrate by resolution and frame rate. YouTube recommends CBR encoding and a two-second keyframe interval, not exceeding four seconds. Its bitrate recommendations vary by codec and video configuration, so select the matching current table entry rather than applying one number to every stream.
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Detach, close SSH, and reconnect
- Leave FFmpeg running in its tmux pane.
- Press Ctrl-b, release the keys, then press d. This detaches the tmux client; it does not exit the shell or stop FFmpeg.
- Close the SSH connection. The tmux session and its running program remain on the remote host while that host and process continue running.
- To check the stream later, SSH to the same host using the same account and run
tmux attach-session -t youtube-live(ortmux attach -t youtube-live). Review FFmpeg’s output and YouTube’s stream health.
Do not type exit in the pane running FFmpeg or kill the tmux session if you want the process to continue. The official tmux Getting Started guide documents named sessions, detaching, and attaching again.
What tmux does—and does not—protect
tmux keeps a terminal session available after an SSH client disconnects. It is not a process supervisor: it does not restart FFmpeg after an error, restore the stream after the host reboots, or guarantee that the connection to YouTube stays healthy. FFmpeg, the host, and the network can each fail independently.
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- If you need FFmpeg restarted after it exits, configure a service manager or another deliberate process-recovery mechanism.
- If you need the stream to start again after a host reboot, configure and test startup recovery separately.
- For temporary output failures, FFmpeg’s FIFO muxer has a retry-oriented streaming example in the FFmpeg documentation. That is an FFmpeg-level behavior, not a feature of tmux.
Troubleshoot common failures
The tmux session cannot be found
- Confirm SSH reached the same host and you logged in as the same user that created the session.
- Check that the session was not exited or killed and that the tmux socket or server configuration is the same.
- List available sessions with
tmux list-sessions. If none exists, create the named session and restart the workflow rather than assuming FFmpeg is still running.
FFmpeg cannot connect to YouTube
- Check the current server URL and stream key in Live Control Room, including for accidental spaces or missing characters.
- Confirm your FFmpeg build supports the protocol in the URL. YouTube notes that an incorrect URL or missing RTMPS support in the encoder can cause connection problems; consult its RTMPS help page.
- Check FFmpeg’s output for connection, authentication, or input errors, then verify the stream’s health in Live Control Room.
YouTube connects, but the stream is unhealthy or has no picture or sound
- Verify the selected codecs, resolution, frame rate, bitrate, CBR setting, and keyframe interval against YouTube’s current encoder settings guidance.
- Test with representative movement and audio before depending on the stream, and monitor stream health during the broadcast.
- Confirm the source has the expected video and audio streams and that the FFmpeg command maps and encodes them as intended.
The stream stops when the file ends
This is expected for a finite input. Configure the FFmpeg input or a playlist/looping workflow for the intended duration; tmux only preserves the running terminal session and does not repeat media.
The stream stops after a reboot or FFmpeg exits
tmux does not provide boot startup or process restart. Use a separately configured service manager or recovery design if those behaviors are required, and test it independently.
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