To schedule screenshots from a CSV, write one URL per row, use a script to validate the rows and capture each page, then run that script on a recurring schedule such as a GitHub Actions cron workflow. Playwright is a good fit when each page needs custom browser actions; shot-scraper is a lighter CLI option for configured batches. Neither tool should be assumed to ingest arbitrary CSV files directly: your script or a conversion step must connect the CSV to the capture tool.
Choose a capture workflow
Use Playwright if pages need authentication, clicks, custom waits, or other per-page logic. Its browser API gives you direct control over navigation and screenshots. Choose shot-scraper when its command-line interface and batch configuration cover your needs. Its documentation includes multi-shot configuration and a GitHub Actions workflow example. Playwright screenshots · shot-scraper documentation
In either case, treat CSV parsing as a separate input step: read the rows, validate them, then pass each URL to the browser or transform the rows into shot-scraper’s documented configuration. Avoid assuming either tool will read an arbitrary CSV automatically.
Prepare the CSV and output policy
Use a simple CSV contract
For a basic list, use a header named url and one absolute HTTP or HTTPS URL in each non-empty row:
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url
https://example.com/
https://example.com/pricing
https://another.example/articleBefore capturing, have the script skip or report blank rows and reject malformed URLs. A syntactically valid URL can still lead to a blocked page, timeout, or site error, so record failures separately rather than treating every requested capture as successful.
Make runs auditable
Keep a manifest with at least the CSV row number, source URL, output filename, capture time, and any error. Choose whether each run overwrites a latest image or preserves an archive. Do not name files using only the hostname: different paths on one site would collide. Include a row number, path slug, or run date in each name. shot-scraper chooses a numbered suffix when its default output filename already exists; explicit output names provide more control.
Capture CSV URLs with Playwright
The following Python script reads a CSV with a url header, validates absolute HTTP(S) URLs, captures each page, and writes a CSV manifest. Install Playwright and its Chromium browser before running it:
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python -m pip install playwright
python -m playwright install chromiumSave this as capture_csv.py:
import csv
import re
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
INPUT = Path("urls.csv")
OUTPUT_DIR = Path("screenshots")
MANIFEST = OUTPUT_DIR / "manifest.csv"
FULL_PAGE = True
def valid_http_url(value):
try:
parsed = urlparse(value)
return parsed.scheme in {"http", "https"} and bool(parsed.netloc)
except ValueError:
return False
def filename_for(index, url):
host = urlparse(url).netloc.lower()
host = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9.-]+", "_", host).strip("._") or "page"
return f"{index:04d}-{host}.png"
OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
with INPUT.open(newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as csv_file,
MANIFEST.open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as manifest_file:
reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file)
if not reader.fieldnames or "url" not in reader.fieldnames:
raise SystemExit("CSV must have a header named 'url'")
writer = csv.DictWriter(
manifest_file,
fieldnames=["row", "url", "file", "captured_at_utc", "error"],
)
writer.writeheader()
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
browser = playwright.chromium.launch()
page = browser.new_page(viewport={"width": 1440, "height": 900})
for row_number, row in enumerate(reader, start=2):
url = (row.get("url") or "").strip()
if not url:
writer.writerow({"row": row_number, "url": "", "file": "", "captured_at_utc": "", "error": "blank URL"})
continue
if not valid_http_url(url):
writer.writerow({"row": row_number, "url": url, "file": "", "captured_at_utc": "", "error": "invalid HTTP(S) URL"})
continue
output_file = OUTPUT_DIR / filename_for(row_number, url)
captured_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
error = ""
try:
response = page.goto(url, wait_until="networkidle", timeout=60000)
if response and response.status >= 400:
error = f"HTTP {response.status}"
page.screenshot(path=str(output_file), full_page=FULL_PAGE)
except Exception as exc:
error = f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"
output_file = ""
writer.writerow({
"row": row_number,
"url": url,
"file": str(output_file),
"captured_at_utc": captured_at,
"error": error,
})
browser.close()The script uses a 1,440 × 900 viewport, waits for network idle for up to 60 seconds, and captures the full scrollable page. Change FULL_PAGE to False for a viewport-only image. A response with an HTTP error status is still recorded as an error; inspect the manifest before treating the batch as complete. The script is a starting point: sites with delayed content or interactions may need a site-specific wait or browser action.
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Run a batch with shot-scraper
shot-scraper provides a CLI and multi-shot configuration for batches. Convert the validated CSV rows into its documented configuration, then run that configuration in your job; alternatively, write a wrapper that invokes the tool once per row. Use explicit output names if you need predictable overwrite or archive behavior. Follow the project’s current configuration and CLI documentation for its exact file format and command options.
This keeps the same separation of responsibilities: your input step handles CSV validation and manifest details, while shot-scraper handles the configured captures. If a page needs custom authentication or browser interaction beyond the batch configuration, a Playwright script may be easier to adapt.
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Schedule the capture job with GitHub Actions
GitHub Actions can run the capture workflow on a cron schedule. Create .github/workflows/screenshots.yml and use the same install-and-capture steps you run locally. This example runs daily at 06:00 UTC:
name: Scheduled screenshots
on:
schedule:
- cron: "0 6 * * *"
workflow_dispatch:
permissions:
contents: read
jobs:
capture:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: "3.12"
- run: python -m pip install playwright
- run: python -m playwright install --with-deps chromium
- run: python capture_csv.py
Replace the cron expression with the required schedule. GitHub documents POSIX cron syntax, UTC as the default schedule timezone, a minimum interval of once every five minutes, and scheduled runs against the latest commit on the default branch. See GitHub’s schedule event documentation. Its actual run time may not be exact, so use a different scheduling arrangement if a precise execution time is essential.
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Keep captures comparable and useful
Control the browser environment
Visual output can vary with the host operating system, browser version, settings, hardware, power conditions, and headless mode. Keep the runner, browser version, viewport, and relevant settings stable when comparing images over time. A visual difference is evidence of a difference in rendered output, not proof that the site’s content changed.
Choose viewport or full-page capture deliberately
A viewport capture is bounded and generally smaller; a full-page capture includes the scrollable document and can be much taller and larger. Long pages may load images or other content only after scrolling. Dynamic pages may also need a selector wait, delay, or interaction before capture. Verify that the chosen wait condition matches the page rather than assuming that navigation completion means all visual content is ready.
Make partial failures visible
A batch can be incomplete because a page blocks automation, needs authentication, times out, changes layout, or returns an error. Track each URL independently and make the job report failure when any required capture fails; otherwise a partially successful run can look complete. For large batches, consider retrying transient failures, while keeping retries bounded so one unhealthy page cannot hold the scheduled job indefinitely.
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Troubleshoot common problems
- The script rejects the CSV: Confirm the first row includes the exact header
url, the file is valid CSV, and URLs includehttp://orhttps://. Blank rows are recorded and skipped. - Browser installation fails in CI: Install the browser version required by the installed Playwright package; on Linux runners, use
python -m playwright install --with-deps chromiumto install browser dependencies as well. - Navigation times out: The site may be slow, never reach network idle, or block automation. Increase the timeout only when appropriate; try a more suitable readiness condition or a site-specific wait, and retain the per-URL error in the manifest.
- The capture is blank or incomplete: Check whether the page needs a longer wait, scrolling, a click, or authentication. Confirm whether viewport-only or full-page output is desired.
- Images overwrite or names collide: Include a row index or run identifier in the filename and define whether outputs should be archived or replaced.
- The scheduled run produces no retained files: Workflow files live on the runner during execution. Add an artifact or storage step, or intentionally commit output if that is appropriate for the repository.
- Runs appear at an unexpected time: GitHub’s scheduled cron uses UTC by default. Check the cron expression and convert the desired local time to UTC, including daylight-saving changes where relevant.
- Images differ even though the site seems unchanged: Stabilize the operating system, browser version, viewport, and capture settings before interpreting visual differences.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo offers a one-request screenshot API and an MCP server for AI agents. This cURL example captures a page as WebP; see the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options and integration details.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpFor a CSV batch, your scheduler still needs to read and validate the rows, then make one request per URL. ScreenshotNeo removes cookie banners, popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are never billed. Its MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots. Learn about ScreenshotNeo, or sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month with no card.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I run the capture workflow manually as well as on a schedule?
Yes. The example workflow includes workflow_dispatch, which lets you start a run from the GitHub Actions interface.
Should I commit screenshots to the same repository as the CSV?
Only if the repository’s access controls and retention history are appropriate for the captured content. For confidential or authenticated pages, use restricted storage and avoid exposing captures through a public repository.
Quick Recap
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