Put one URL on each line of a text file, then run Chrome headless once per non-empty line and give every capture its own output filename. Chrome’s --screenshot option saves a PNG; by default, it writes screenshot.png in the current working directory, so a batch needs explicit filenames to avoid overwriting earlier images. See the Chrome Headless command-line reference.
Prepare the URL list and output folder
Create urls.txt with one complete URL per line, for example:
https://example.com/
https://developer.chrome.com/
Create the output folder before running the loop. From a Unix-like shell:
mkdir -p screenshotsUse a Chrome executable available on your system. The examples below use chrome; an installation may instead expose google-chrome or require a platform-specific executable path. Confirm the command and test against a single URL before processing a larger list.
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Capture each URL with Chrome headless
Run this in a Unix-like shell from the directory containing urls.txt. It skips empty lines and numbers the resulting PNG files so each URL gets a distinct name.
n=0
while IFS= read -r url || [ -n "$url" ]; do
[ -z "$url" ] && continue
n=$((n + 1))
chrome --headless --screenshot="screenshots/page-$n.png"
--window-size=1280,900 --timeout=10000 "$url"
done < urls.txtThe official reference documents --headless --screenshot, a viewport set with --window-size=WIDTH,HEIGHT, and --timeout in milliseconds. Its example is chrome --headless --screenshot --window-size=412,892 https://developer.chrome.com/. Without an explicit output path, Chrome writes screenshot.png in the current working directory.
What the command does
IFS= read -rreads each line without trimming or interpreting backslashes.|| [ -n "$url" ]processes a final line even if the file does not end with a newline.- The empty-line check prevents Chrome from being called with a blank URL.
--screenshot="screenshots/page-$n.png"assigns each capture a different filename.--window-size=1280,900sets the capture viewport dimensions; it does not establish that the whole page will be captured.--timeout=10000sets a maximum wait of 10,000 milliseconds before capture, even if the page is still loading. It is not proof that rendering is complete.
Choose output names and capture timing deliberately
Keep names unique
The numbered filenames are simple and safe, but their numbers depend on the order of lines in the input. If you need filenames tied to URLs, derive them from the hostname or path only after sanitizing them: raw URLs can contain characters that are unsafe or awkward in filenames. Do not use the full URL as a filename unchanged.
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Set the viewport for the intended result
Change the width and height in --window-size to match the viewport you want to inspect. The documented basic screenshot command does not establish a dedicated full-page capture option, so treat this method as a viewport screenshot rather than a guarantee of a complete page image.
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--timeout bounds the wait; a page may still be loading or may not have exposed all lazy-loaded content when that time expires. Chrome also documents --virtual-time-budget for fast-forwarding time-dependent page code. Whether that produces the desired state depends on how the page behaves; use a representative URL to check the result.
Adapt the workflow to your shell and site
The loop shown here is for a Unix-like shell, not a universal Chrome batch interface. On Windows, use PowerShell or another shell’s line-reading loop, and quote both the Chrome executable path and URL argument according to that shell’s rules. In any environment, the core pattern is the same: read one URL, invoke Chrome, and choose a unique output path for that invocation.
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A successful command does not guarantee that every site will produce the expected screenshot. Redirects, authentication requirements, automated-traffic blocking, and different rendering in a headless session can affect the result. The command-line reference documents the options, not a promise that every URL is capturable.
Troubleshoot common problems
Chrome says the command is not found
The executable name may differ on your operating system or the Chrome binary may not be on the shell’s PATH. Check the installed executable and use its actual name or full path in the loop.
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If you omit the screenshot output path, Chrome uses screenshot.png in the current working directory. Set a unique path for each invocation, as in screenshots/page-$n.png, and ensure the output directory exists.
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The screenshot looks incomplete or blank
The timeout may be too short for the page, or the site may require authentication, redirect, block automation, or render differently in headless mode. Try a suitable timeout and inspect one URL directly before rerunning the whole file. A timeout does not certify that the page has finished rendering.
A URL is treated as multiple shell arguments
Keep the URL quoted as "$url". If you substitute a different shell or build a command in another script, use that environment’s correct quoting rules.
The output folder cannot be used
Create screenshots before starting the loop and confirm that the current user can write to it. The example does not create that directory automatically.
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ScreenshotNeo can capture a URL with one GET request and return PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. Its capture flow accepts cookie or consent banners like a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each of those steps can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and the response includes X-Page-Verdict and X-Billed headers.
For a single URL, use cURL:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpReplace YOUR_API_KEY with your key and change the target URL. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for the available parameters. Its MCP server also provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month without a card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does this loop create a PDF?
No. The Chrome command shown captures PNG screenshots.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
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Can I use a blank line between URLs?
Yes. The loop skips empty lines.
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