For an EC2 instance sending a 24/7 live stream to YouTube, the relevant AWS traffic is data transfer out to the internet. The monthly volume depends chiefly on the encoder’s sustained bitrate: at 10 Mbps, one 30-day stream sends about 3.24 decimal TB; at 12 Mbps, about 3.888 decimal TB. The dollar cost depends on the EC2 instance’s source Region and your account’s aggregated data-transfer usage, so there is no reliable universal monthly price.
What EC2 traffic is billed?
When an encoder on EC2 sends a live feed to YouTube, the video travels from AWS to the public internet. AWS classifies that direction as data transfer out (DTO). Data sent from the public internet into AWS is inbound data transfer, which AWS says is not charged. See Amazon EC2 pricing and AWS data transfer pricing.
This estimate covers one EC2 instance uploading one stream to YouTube. It does not include a separate AWS setup that distributes the video directly to viewers, such as through a CDN; that is a different architecture and billing question.
Estimate monthly upload volume from bitrate
For a continuous 30-day month, use this approximation, where B is the configured sustained bitrate in megabits per second (Mbps):
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Decimal TB per 30 days ≈ B × 0.324
| Configured bitrate | Approximate data sent in 30 days |
|---|---|
| 10 Mbps | 3.24 decimal TB |
| 12 Mbps | 3.888 decimal TB |
These are calculations from bitrate, not AWS measurements. They assume the bitrate is maintained continuously and exclude protocol overhead. Actual transferred bytes can differ because of audio, transport overhead, and encoder behavior. For a different runtime, multiply the bitrate in Mbps by the operating time in seconds, divide by 8 to obtain megabytes in decimal units, then convert to the unit you need. Keep decimal TB distinct from binary TiB or GiB.
Choose a realistic YouTube bitrate
Use your actual encoder configuration for the estimate rather than assuming every stream uses the same rate. YouTube’s official live encoder settings recommend these H.264 ingest bitrates:
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| Resolution and frame rate | Recommended H.264 bitrate | Approximate 30-day volume |
|---|---|---|
| 720p30 or 720p60 | 8 Mbps | 2.592 decimal TB |
| 1080p30 | 10 Mbps | 3.24 decimal TB |
| 1080p60 | 12 Mbps | 3.888 decimal TB |
| 1440p30 | 21 Mbps | 6.804 decimal TB |
| 1440p60 | 34 Mbps | 11.016 decimal TB |
| 2160p30 (4K) | 42 Mbps | 13.608 decimal TB |
| 2160p60 (4K) | 50 Mbps | 16.2 decimal TB |
The bitrate figures are YouTube recommendations, not a guarantee that an encoder will emit exactly that rate throughout a stream. The 30-day volumes are arithmetic estimates using the formula above. YouTube lists other recommendations for different codec and stream combinations; check the settings for your chosen resolution, frame rate, and codec at YouTube’s live encoder settings.
How to turn volume into an AWS cost
- Identify the source Region. Use the AWS Region where the EC2 instance runs; AWS’s DTO pricing depends on the source Region.
- Estimate the stream’s monthly volume. Apply the bitrate calculation to the actual expected runtime. Use a measured sustained bitrate if available, and allow for the possibility that real traffic differs from nominal video bitrate.
- Check account-wide transfer usage. AWS says its 100 GB monthly free internet DTO allowance is aggregated across AWS services and Regions, except China and GovCloud. Other services may already consume some or all of it. DTO tiers also aggregate usage across multiple services.
- Price the transfer in the official calculator. Enter the source Region and monthly transfer flow in the AWS Pricing Calculator, then account for your applicable aggregate allowance and tier usage.
A precise dollar total cannot be calculated from bitrate alone: the source Region, current applicable rates, and account-wide usage all matter. The calculator is the appropriate place to estimate a particular account and configuration.
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Why viewer count does not multiply this EC2 upload
The EC2 encoder sends one ingest feed to YouTube. YouTube says it transcodes incoming live streams into multiple output formats so viewers can watch across devices and networks. That means the encoder’s EC2-to-YouTube transfer is calculated from the one outgoing feed, not multiplied by the YouTube viewer count. If AWS also sends the stream directly to viewers through a CDN or another delivery setup, calculate that separate distribution traffic and its charges independently. AWS’s Live Streaming on AWS guide describes managed architectures with different assumptions; their viewer-delivery costs are not the cost of a single YouTube ingest stream.
Relevant encoder settings
Protocol choice does not itself determine the AWS DTO tier, but correct encoder settings help ensure a suitable YouTube ingest. YouTube’s guidance supports RTMP or RTMPS and H.264, H.265, or AV1; it recommends constant bitrate encoding and a two-second keyframe interval, not exceeding four seconds. YouTube recommends RTMPS, a secure extension to RTMP. See YouTube’s live encoder settings.
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Or let it run in the cloud
If the goal is to keep a pre-recorded YouTube stream running without leaving an EC2 encoder—or a home computer—on, StreamNeo is a cloud alternative: upload a recording or build a playlist, add your YouTube stream key, and go live. It loops the uploaded video from the cloud, with automatic recovery if YouTube drops the stream. Your computer and home connection do not have to stay on. Any uploaded quality up to 4K 60fps streams as uploaded at one flat price per slot, with no re-encoding or quality tiers. The first day is free with no card. Monthly pricing is $9.99 per month. Start your free day with StreamNeo.
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