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Possibly—but not yet. Researchers have made small supercapacitors from carbon-infused cement and demonstrated a miniature load-bearing arch that powered an LED. The idea is to make parts of buildings store electricity as well as provide structure. The reported household-scale figures are projections based on research formulations, not proof that a house foundation can currently store usable energy.
Can concrete store electricity?
Not ordinary concrete on its own. In the 2023 study, cement, water and disordered microporous carbon black formed a load-bearing material with a conductive carbon network. A working supercapacitor also needs two carbon–cement electrodes, an electrolyte and an insulating separator between the electrodes.
In the 2023 study, the researchers reported that cement hydration formed a fractal-like network of conducting carbon through the cement matrix. The device stores electrical energy electrochemically at the electrode–electrolyte interface; it is not simply a block of concrete that can be plugged in. The original laboratory work tested this electrode system in small devices. (2023 PNAS study)
How much energy can energy-storing concrete hold?
The estimates differ because they refer to different formulations and stages of research—not one standardized product specification.
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| Research result | Reported figure | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 carbon–cement formulation | About 20–220 Wh/m³, depending on the carbon black’s surface area | A projected volumetric storage range reported by the PNAS researchers, not a commercial installation measurement. (PNAS, 2023) |
| Illustrative home comparison using the earlier work | About 45 m³ for approximately 10 kWh | MIT’s 2023 article presented this as a scaling calculation for a household, not a test of a full-size foundation. (MIT News, 2023) |
| Newer ec³ formulation using organic electrolytes | Over 2 kWh/m³ | A formulation-specific result reported by MIT in 2025; it should not be applied to all carbon-infused concrete. (MIT News, 2025) |
| Later average-home comparison | Roughly 5 m³ for a day’s energy use | MIT’s 2025 article used this as a comparison based on its newer work. It is a projection, not a demonstrated home energy system. (MIT News, 2025) |
MIT’s 2025 account says the newer ec³ supercapacitors increased capacity “by an order of magnitude.” That is MIT’s description of the newer research relative to earlier work; the values above come from materially different formulations and contexts, so they are not a direct, standardized product-to-product comparison.
Could a house foundation store a day’s worth of energy?
That is the vision behind the household comparisons, not a capability demonstrated in a house. The proposed advantage is that a large structural element—such as a foundation, wall or slab—might serve both as part of a building and as an energy-storage device. MIT’s 2025 estimate of roughly 5 m³ for an average home’s daily energy use depends on its newer research formulation. It does not establish that an ordinary foundation could be built to those specifications, deliver power safely to a home, or retain that performance over a building’s service life.
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Likewise, MIT’s earlier 45 m³ estimate for around 10 kWh was an illustrative calculation. Neither figure is an engineering specification for a home, and the cited sources do not establish a commercial building-scale installation.
What have researchers actually demonstrated?
Small devices in the 2023 work
The 2023 paper reported laboratory measurements and small supercapacitor devices. MIT described devices about 1 cm across and 1 mm thick, charged to 1 volt; three connected devices lit a 3-volt LED. The household-volume figure was a calculation, and the researchers described scaling up as future work. (MIT News, 2023)
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Load-bearing prototypes in the 2025 account
MIT’s 2025 report described a miniature 9-volt ec³ arch that supported its own weight and additional load while powering an LED. It also reported a separate 12-volt prototype powering a computer fan and USB devices. These demonstrations show prototypes, not full-size structural components installed in buildings. (MIT News, 2025)
The arch’s LED brightness varied under load. The researchers suggested that this behavior might eventually help reveal stress, but it is not an established or validated structural-health monitoring system. The earlier work also identified a tradeoff: adding carbon black can raise storage capacity while slightly weakening the concrete, a concern that matters whenever the material is expected to carry structural loads. (MIT News, 2023; MIT News, 2025)
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How is a concrete supercapacitor different from a battery?
A supercapacitor and a battery both store electrical energy, but they do so differently. MIT’s account describes supercapacitors as able to charge and discharge rapidly. The proposed difference here is that carbon–cement electrodes could also serve a structural role, potentially combining storage with construction material.
That does not establish that ec³ can replace a conventional battery. The cited sources do not provide a complete, directly comparable assessment of lifetime, installed cost, energy delivery, or performance against commercial batteries. A practical choice would also depend on how the structural element handles repeated charging, discharging and mechanical loads. No commercial cost per kilowatt-hour or independently verified cost advantage is established in the cited material.
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What would it take to use energy-storing concrete in real buildings?
The research has to bridge a substantial gap between a laboratory cell or miniature prototype and a reliable building component. Among the open practical questions are whether a formulation can meet structural requirements while storing useful energy, how its electrical connections and electrolyte are integrated into construction, and how performance changes over long service periods. The cited reports do not establish production-scale environmental impacts or standardized construction specifications.
The 2025 team tested electrolyte types and concentrations and changed its manufacturing approach by adding electrolyte directly to the mixing water. MIT reports that its highest-performing version used organic electrolytes, including quaternary ammonium salts and acetonitrile. This is a research formulation, not a construction recipe or a recommendation for DIY mixing. The article also quotes researcher Damian Stefaniuk saying seawater could be a viable electrolyte candidate for possible coastal or marine applications; that possibility is not evidence of a tested offshore energy-storage installation. (MIT News, 2025)
MIT has reported that ec³ has been used in sidewalk slabs in Sapporo for heating. That is a separate thermal-conduction use, not a commercial energy-storage deployment in buildings. The broader proposals—including foundations, roads, shelters and offshore wind supports—remain potential applications in the cited reports.
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