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Russia’s Anti-Fraud 3.0 package is a draft open for public discussion, not an enacted law as of 3 October 2026. If adopted, it would restrict who can sell SIM cards, require newly issued SIMs to start with a zero balance, and add rules for pre-registered SIMs, mass SMS services and SIMs used in machine-to-machine equipment.

Although some coverage frames the proposals around Moscow, the measures described are federal proposals for Russia. Their reported timetable—including a possible 1 March 2027 start date—remains prospective.

Who would be allowed to sell SIM cards?

The Ministry of Digital Development proposes limiting SIM distribution to an operator’s direct dealers that are legal entities and have an agency agreement with the mobile operator. Individuals and individual entrepreneurs would no longer be able to conclude subscriber agreements with customers on an operator’s behalf. The Moscow Times describes the target as sub-dealers: businesses or people selling through an intermediary rather than as a direct operator-authorized dealer.

In practical terms, the proposal would narrow the permitted sales chain. It does not, in the material published for discussion, establish how many shops or workers would be affected. TechRadar relayed an unattributed industry estimate that intermediaries account for almost half of physical SIM purchases in Russia. That refers to a share of purchases—not half of sellers, outlets or jobs—and is not an official count.

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Why would new SIM cards have a zero balance?

Under the proposal, operators would issue new SIM cards with no money on the account. A customer would sign up first and then add funds. The Ministry says the payment can help identify the person actually using the number. In its statement, the Ministry said: “Абонент должен будет внести средства на лицевой счёт и таким образом при платеже идентифицироваться.” A translation is: “The subscriber will have to deposit funds into the account and thereby identify themselves through the payment.”

This would be an additional payment-linked identification signal, not a substitute for identity checks required before a number is activated. September reporting cited operator T2 as saying that it already checks customer identity and activates numbers only after required verification. Beeline said customers cannot use newly obtained numbers until they have completed legally required identity checks.

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What other SIM-related measures are in the package?

SIMs registered to someone else

The Ministry’s summary proposes prohibiting the sale of SIM cards that are already registered to another subscriber. This addresses the transfer or resale of a number whose registration does not match the new customer.

Mass SMS distribution

The proposal would limit providers of mass SMS distribution to telecom operators.

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SIMs in M2M equipment

M2M, or machine-to-machine, equipment uses mobile connections to exchange data without a person making each connection. The Ministry proposes giving the government authority to set specific rules for SIM use in this equipment. Vedomosti also reported planned registration requirements for corporate M2M numbers and details about the equipment in which they are used. These additional details were reported from draft text; they are not all set out in the Ministry’s short public summary.

What is proposed, and what remains uncertain?

Issue What the published proposal or reporting says Qualification
SIM distribution Direct operator dealers that are legal entities and have an agency agreement would be permitted to distribute SIMs. The proposal targets sub-dealer arrangements; an official count of affected sellers or retail points has not been provided in the Ministry summary.
Starting balance New SIMs would be issued with a zero balance, with the customer adding funds after contracting. This is described as an extra identification signal, alongside required identity checks.
Other SIM controls The Ministry summary includes pre-registered SIMs, mass SMS distribution and M2M use. Vedomosti reported further corporate M2M registration details from draft text.
Timing Vedomosti reported an expected effective date of 1 March 2027; The Moscow Times reported planned submission to the State Duma in autumn 2026. Both are reported plans, not confirmed final dates or proof of enactment.

When could the rules take effect?

The Ministry announced the third package for public discussion on 30 September 2026. The Moscow Times reported that it was planned for submission to the State Duma in autumn 2026. Vedomosti reported that the changes were expected to take effect on 1 March 2027. The proposal’s legislative progress and any final commencement date should be treated as unsettled unless confirmed by subsequent official action.

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What this means for customers and sellers

If adopted, the rules would change the permitted route by which customers obtain SIMs and add a payment step after signup. The proposal does not mean that buyers could use an unverified SIM: the September reporting describes identity checks as already required before activation. For retailers, the central change would be that individuals and individual entrepreneurs could no longer conclude subscriber contracts on operators’ behalf, while direct dealer entities with operator agency agreements could continue under the proposed framework.

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