To expose a Kubernetes Service over HTTP or HTTPS with Ingress, create an Ingress resource that sends requests for a host and path to the Service, then make sure an Ingress controller is installed to implement those rules. The resource alone does not publish an endpoint. Ingress remains supported, but its API is frozen; Kubernetes recommends Gateway API for new development.
What Ingress does—and what it does not do
An Ingress defines rules for routing external HTTP or HTTPS requests to Kubernetes Services, commonly by hostname and URL path. The backend Service provides a stable destination for the application’s Pods; it can remain cluster-internal while the Ingress controller handles the external entry point.
An Ingress object is configuration, not a running proxy or load balancer. A controller must watch the resource and implement its rules, often by configuring a load balancer or another edge frontend. Kubernetes does not provide a controller simply because the cluster accepts an Ingress object. Ingress is for HTTP and HTTPS routing, not arbitrary network protocols.
The Kubernetes Ingress documentation describes the API as generally available and says the project has no plans to remove it. It also states that the API is no longer being developed and will receive no further changes or updates. Use Ingress when it fits an existing cluster or requirement; for new networking work, evaluate Gateway API and confirm that your cluster implementation supports the features you need.
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Check the cluster and backend before creating the Ingress
Confirm an Ingress controller is available
Find out which controller your cluster supports and whether it is already installed. The controller determines how the Ingress rules are implemented, which class to select, how an external address is provided, and which TLS features are available. Installation steps and class names are controller- and environment-specific, so use the current documentation for the implementation you have chosen.
Check the Service and its port
The Ingress backend refers to a Service by name and one of that Service’s ports. Before applying the Ingress, confirm that the Service exists in the same namespace, that the port is correct, and that the Service leads to healthy application endpoints. A valid Ingress rule cannot make a missing Service or unhealthy backend work.
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Create an Ingress resource
This networking.k8s.io/v1 example routes requests for app.example.com to port 80 on the existing web-service Service. Replace the example class, hostname, Service name, and port with values configured in your cluster. It is a template, not a tested deployment.
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: web
spec:
ingressClassName: example-class
rules:
- host: app.example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: web-service
port:
number: 80The manifest’s important fields are:
ingressClassNameselects anIngressClassassociated with the intended controller. It is not just an arbitrary controller annotation: the field refers to an IngressClass resource, which identifies a controller and may also specify parameters.hostrestricts this rule to requests for the specified DNS name. The hostname must resolve to the controller’s external endpoint for clients to reach it.pathandpathTypedetermine which URL paths match. Every path must specify a path type.backend.service.nameandbackend.service.port.numberidentify the destination Service and its port.
See the Ingress v1 API reference for field details.
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Choose the class, host, and path behavior
Select the intended IngressClass
Use the class associated with the controller that should handle this resource. Do not assume an older controller annotation is interchangeable with spec.ingressClassName. A cluster can designate a default IngressClass, but if multiple classes are marked as default, creating a new Ingress without a class is rejected. Setting the intended class explicitly makes the controller selection clear.
Pick the path type that matches your route
Exactmatches the entire URL path, with case sensitivity.Prefixmatches path elements separated by/, with case sensitivity. For example, it treats path segments as boundaries rather than matching any string that merely begins with the same characters.ImplementationSpecificleaves path matching to the selected IngressClass and controller. Use it only when you intend to rely on that implementation’s behavior.
Understand wildcard hosts
A wildcard such as *.example.com covers one DNS label: it can match api.example.com, but not a.api.example.com or the bare example.com. Add rules for those names separately if they are required.
Add TLS when the route should use HTTPS
To configure the common Ingress TLS model, add a TLS section to spec that names a Secret containing tls.crt and tls.key, and list the hostname covered by that certificate. The TLS host should align with the host in the routing rule. The Kubernetes Ingress guide describes this API model as using port 443 and terminating TLS at the ingress point; traffic from there to the Service may be plaintext.
Controller-specific TLS capabilities and configuration can differ. Check the selected controller’s documentation before assuming encryption behavior beyond the common API model.
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Apply the manifest and verify traffic
- Save the YAML to a file such as
web-ingress.yaml. - Apply it in the namespace containing the backend Service:
kubectl apply -f web-ingress.yaml. - Inspect the resource, its address, and recent events with
kubectl describe ingress webandkubectl get ingress web. If the status address is not present yet, allow for infrastructure provisioning; the wait depends on the controller and environment. - Point the hostname’s DNS record to the published endpoint once the controller provides one. Controller-specific networking or firewall rules may also be needed to make it reachable.
- From a network that can reach that endpoint, request the configured hostname and path over HTTP or HTTPS. For example, test
https://app.example.com/if you configured TLS, or use HTTP if you did not.
If the request does not reach the application, check the controller’s events or logs, the Ingress class, the host and path, the Service name and port, the Service’s healthy endpoints, DNS, and the environment’s network rules. The Kubernetes guide’s example shows inspecting the published address and notes that provisioning can take a minute or two in its example context; that timing is not a guarantee for every cluster.
When to use Ingress instead of another exposure method
The right option depends on the routing features you need and the networking implementation available in your environment; no option is universally best.
| Option | What it provides | When to consider it |
|---|---|---|
| Ingress | HTTP/HTTPS host- and path-based routing through an Ingress controller. | When you need these routes and have a suitable controller; keep in mind the API is frozen and Kubernetes recommends Gateway for new development. |
| Gateway API | A forward-looking Kubernetes networking API. | For new work when the cluster’s implementation supports the Gateway features you need. |
Service type LoadBalancer |
A simpler, less-configurable way to expose a Service when a supported cloud provider supplies the implementation. | When exposing an individual Service is sufficient and the environment supports this Service type. |
Service type NodePort |
A port exposed on each node. | For infrastructure setups where the surrounding network can make the node endpoint reachable. |
Compare whether you need HTTP/HTTPS routing, whether one or several Services should share an entry point, what the cluster’s controller or Gateway implementation supports, how TLS is handled, and whether the API’s development direction matters for your team. The Kubernetes Service documentation explains Service exposure options.
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