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Set fullPage: true in either Puppeteer’s or Playwright’s page.screenshot() call to capture the page’s full scrollable content instead of only the visible viewport. Supply a path to save an image, or omit it and use the returned bytes in memory. These captures include webpage content—not browser tabs, the address bar, or the desktop.
What a full-page screenshot captures
A regular screenshot records the area currently visible inside the page’s viewport. A full-page screenshot extends the capture to the page’s full scrollable height, as though the page fit on a very tall screen. In both Puppeteer and Playwright, the key option is fullPage: true; its default is false.
That does not mean a screenshot of the entire browser window. Page screenshot APIs capture web content, not browser controls such as tabs, the address bar, or the window frame. If you need those, use an operating-system or desktop capture tool instead.
Capture a full page with Puppeteer
Install Puppeteer in a Node.js project with npm install puppeteer. The following ES-module example opens a page, waits for network activity to become quiet, saves a PNG, and closes the browser even if capture fails:
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import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'full-page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}The path determines where the image is written. When a path is supplied, Puppeteer infers the image type from the filename extension; the documented default type is PNG. For example, change the path to full-page.jpeg if you want a JPEG output.
Return screenshot data instead of saving a file
Omit path to receive the screenshot data from the API. In the binary case, Puppeteer returns a Uint8Array, which you can pass to another library or write yourself:
const bytes = await page.screenshot({ fullPage: true });
// bytes is a Uint8Array when binary encoding is usedThe screenshot API can also return a base64 string depending on the options used. Choose the representation expected by the next step in your workflow: a file for a human-accessible artifact, bytes for image processing or uploads, or encoded text when an interface specifically expects base64.
Capture a full page with Playwright
Install the Playwright package with npm install playwright. Playwright’s browser binaries may also need to be installed for your environment; run npx playwright install if the browser launch reports that the executable is missing. This example uses Chromium:
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import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'full-page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}As in Puppeteer, setting path writes the image to a file. To use the result in memory instead, omit the path; Playwright’s screenshot method returns a buffer:
const buffer = await page.screenshot({ fullPage: true });That buffer can be passed to an image-processing library or stored by your application. The screenshot guide documents buffer capture for post-processing, so there is no need to create a temporary image file unless another part of your workflow requires one.
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Use Playwright’s command-line screenshot workflow
For a direct CLI capture, Playwright supports --full-page and --filename. With the Playwright CLI available, run:
playwright-cli screenshot --full-page --filename=full-page.pngUse the full-page flag for the scrollable page rather than just the current viewport, and set the filename to control the output name. The CLI is useful for a one-off command-line capture; use the library APIs when the capture needs to be part of application logic, test setup, or a larger automation flow.
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Calling fullPage: true controls the capture area; it does not guarantee that every image or application component has finished loading. A page can still be rendering, fetching data, or loading images only when they approach the viewport. The official screenshot options do not promise that all lazy-loaded assets will appear automatically.
Choose a readiness condition based on the site being captured rather than adding the same fixed delay to every page. If a known element indicates that the relevant content is ready, wait for it explicitly before the screenshot:
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
await page.locator('[data-page-ready="true"]').waitFor();
await page.screenshot({ path: 'full-page.png', fullPage: true });Replace the example selector with one that exists on your target site. It is also reasonable to wait for a site-specific application state or a known content element. Network-idle navigation waits can be convenient, but pages with persistent network requests may never become idle; conversely, network activity stopping does not necessarily prove that a particular image or client-rendered component is ready.
Options for shaping the capture
Use fullPage when you want the full scrollable document. Other options solve different problems and can be combined where the API permits.
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| Need | Puppeteer | Playwright |
|---|---|---|
| Capture the full scrollable page | fullPage: true |
fullPage: true |
| Save to a file | path; image type is inferred from extension when a path is supplied |
path |
| Restrict capture to a rectangle | clip |
clip, with x/y origin and width/height |
| Choose CSS-pixel or device-pixel output | Not stated here | scale: 'css' for one pixel per CSS pixel; scale: 'device' for device-pixel output (documented default) |
| Cover selected page elements in the image | Not stated here | mask with selected locators; the documented default mask color is pink |
| Control animation or text caret appearance | Not stated here | animations and caret controls |
Capture a region with clip
Use a clip rectangle when you need a specific area rather than the whole document. Playwright’s clip defines the rectangle’s x/y origin and its width and height. Puppeteer also supports a rectangular clip; its captureBeyondViewport option controls capture beyond the viewport when clipping, and its documented default depends on whether a clip is provided. A clip is not a substitute for full-page capture: it is the right choice when the desired result is a bounded region.
Choose Playwright output scale
Playwright’s scale option controls output pixel density. Choose css for one output pixel per CSS pixel, which can keep an image smaller; choose device for device-pixel output, the documented default. The setting changes image dimensions and sharpness, not the page’s CSS layout.
Mask content and reduce visual variation
Playwright’s mask option covers selected locators in the screenshot; its documented default mask color is pink. This is useful when a particular element should not appear in the output. Playwright also documents animations and caret controls for disabling animations and hiding the text caret, which can help make repeated captures more consistent. These controls do not replace waiting for the page’s content to be ready.
Choose between Puppeteer and Playwright
The full-page behavior is similar in both libraries, so the best fit usually depends on the surrounding project rather than screenshot height alone.
- Choose Puppeteer when your project already uses its focused Chrome automation API and you want to keep the capture in that environment.
- Choose Playwright when you want its cross-browser framework, its documented screenshot controls such as scale and masks, or its CLI workflow.
- Use the library already in your test or automation setup if it meets the capture requirements; adding a second browser automation stack solely to set
fullPageusually adds unnecessary setup.
The cited screenshot APIs establish the options above, but do not establish a general performance or reliability ranking between the two libraries. Do not assume that one is universally faster or that either makes a dynamic page ready without an appropriate wait.
Troubleshoot common full-page screenshot problems
The image only shows the viewport
Check that the screenshot call—not just navigation—contains fullPage: true. The option defaults to false in Puppeteer, and Playwright’s full-page behavior likewise requires the flag. If you are using the CLI, include --full-page.
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Images or lower-page content are missing
The page may not have finished loading the relevant content, or it may load assets lazily as the user scrolls. Wait for a meaningful locator or application-ready state before capture. A universal sleep is less dependable because sites differ in how and when they render. If the missing content is below the fold, confirm that the page itself has rendered it before expecting the screenshot to include it.
Navigation never completes
A wait such as networkidle or Puppeteer’s networkidle2 can be unsuitable for a site that keeps requests open or continually polls. Navigate using an earlier condition such as domcontentloaded, then wait for the specific content your capture requires. This avoids treating a quiet network as the only definition of readiness.
The screenshot is larger or softer than expected
For Playwright, check whether scale is set to device or css. Device-pixel output can have more pixels than CSS-pixel output. If the image format matters, check the filename extension when saving a Puppeteer screenshot: with a path supplied, Puppeteer infers type from that extension.
The output does not contain the address bar or tabs
That is expected. page.screenshot() captures page content, not browser chrome. Switch to a desktop or operating-system screenshot tool when the browser frame itself is part of the requirement.
The command or browser cannot be found
For a missing package command, confirm that Playwright is installed in the project and invoke its CLI through the package runner if needed. If the library launches but cannot find a browser executable, install the Playwright browser binaries for the environment. In Puppeteer, verify that the package is installed and that the process can launch its browser in the current runtime.
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If you need a screenshot without managing a browser process, ScreenshotNeo provides a website screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request returns an image or PDF; its features include full-page capture with lazy images loaded. For developers already using Puppeteer or Playwright, a local browser gives direct control over the capture environment, while an API can be simpler when you want to request a screenshot from an application or AI agent.
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For example, save a screenshot as WebP with cURL:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for setup and request options. Cookie banners are accepted and removed before capture, along with known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and response headers indicate the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server exposes take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for AI agents using Claude, Cursor, or another MCP client. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.
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Frequently asked questions
Can I capture only one element instead of the full page?
Yes. Use the element’s bounding area or a locator-based capture workflow where supported by your setup. For a rectangular area, the documented clip option specifies a capture rectangle. If you need a specific element, first identify its bounds rather than using a full-page screenshot.
Can full-page screenshots be used in automated tests?
Yes. The examples call the screenshot API directly, so they can be placed in test setup or a visual-regression workflow. Keep the readiness condition and output scale consistent between runs to make comparisons meaningful.
Does full-page mode automatically scroll through the site like a person?
The APIs define the result as a capture of the full scrollable page. They do not promise that every site’s scroll-triggered behavior or lazy-loaded content will be activated; wait for the particular content your test needs.
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