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Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Dental photogrammetry estimates the three-dimensional positions of dental implants by photographing identifiable markers attached to them from multiple views. The result is a digital record of implant positions for restorative planning—not necessarily a complete scan of teeth, gums, or other surrounding anatomy.
How dental photogrammetry captures implant positions
- Attach compatible markers. A clinician secures scan bodies or photogrammetry markers to the implant connections. Their recognizable geometry is linked to implant position. Markers are system- and connection-specific, so compatibility with the implant and the software library matters.
- Capture multiple views. A camera records the markers from different angles. In an extraoral arrangement, the camera is outside the mouth; intraoral approaches capture within an intraoral scanning device or use a dedicated intraoral method.
- Estimate the markers’ spatial relationships. Software identifies marker features across the captured views and calculates their relative three-dimensional positions. Specific reconstruction and calibration methods vary; the literature does not establish one universal proprietary algorithm.
- Relate the measurements to implant geometry. The digital workflow associates the measured marker arrangement with the relevant implant or scan-body library geometry. Those positions can then inform downstream CAD/CAM design.
- Combine with anatomy data as needed. A position record alone does not describe all adjacent teeth and soft tissues. Those areas must be captured by another impression method unless the system integrates that capture.
What photogrammetry captures—and what it does not
Photogrammetry is especially relevant to complete-arch implant workflows, where accurately recording the relative positions of multiple implants is important. A 2023 systematic review explains that photogrammetry systems do not, by themselves, capture adjacent teeth or soft tissue; another impression method is needed to record that anatomy. Some newer intraoral systems combine photogrammetry with intraoral scanning, so the full capture scope depends on the particular system and workflow. Rutkūnas et al., 2023
In practice, the implant-position record and the scan of surrounding anatomy are distinct data sources that may be joined in a digital workflow. The resulting combined model can support restorative design, but a photogrammetry capture should not be mistaken for a complete mouth scan.
Extraoral and intraoral capture compared
| Aspect | Extraoral photogrammetry | Intraoral photogrammetry |
|---|---|---|
| Camera arrangement | Camera is outside the mouth and records implant markers. | Capture takes place within an intraoral scanning device or through a dedicated intraoral method. |
| What the implant-position capture establishes | Relative implant positions from identifiable markers; surrounding anatomy still requires a separate impression method unless integrated. | Relative implant positions from markers; surrounding anatomy still requires a separate impression method unless integrated. |
| Markers and compatibility | Requires markers compatible with the implant connections and the system’s workflow or library. | Requires markers compatible with the implant connections and the system’s workflow or library. |
| Reported accuracy figures | A 2026 literature review summarizes trueness of 17–18 µm and precision of 2–3 µm for extraoral systems such as PIC and ICam4D; these are review-reported experimental findings, not guaranteed clinical results. | The same 2026 review summarizes trueness of 26–30 µm and precision of approximately 4 µm for intraoral photogrammetry; these are review-reported experimental findings, not guaranteed clinical results. |
| Reported scanning time | The 2026 review reports scanning time often below 60 seconds in the contexts it summarizes; this is not a promise for every patient or workflow. | The 2026 review reports scanning time often below 60 seconds in the contexts it summarizes; this is not a promise for every patient or workflow. |
| Examples named in the literature | PIC and ICam4D are examples associated with the summarized extraoral figures. | Aoralscan Elite is among the commercial systems named in the literature; inclusion is not an endorsement. |
These figures should not be read as a head-to-head result under identical conditions. Devices, study designs, reference methods, and reported outcomes differ. Tasakou et al., Journal of Dentistry, April 2026
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- Crystal Clear Intraoral Images - Easily capture clear photos that help patients see the need for treatment! Case comprehension means case acceptance. This market-share leading intraoral dental camera is specially designed to take clear, well-illuminated images without lag, allowing dental professionals to efficiently help patients see what they see.
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How to interpret accuracy claims
“Accuracy” can refer to different properties and measurements. Trueness is closeness to a reference value; precision is repeatability across measurements. Implant-position studies may also report linear, angular, or surface deviation. Those measures are not interchangeable, and values from separate studies cannot be compared as though they came from one standardized test.
The evidence includes both laboratory and clinical work. A 2023 EPA Consensus Project systematic review covered nine studies—three clinical and six in vitro—and concluded that intraoral scanning and photogrammetry showed comparable accuracy for registering implant positions in full-arch edentulous cases. It also identified methodological heterogeneity and said that clinically tolerable prosthesis-misfit thresholds still require verification. Rutkūnas et al., 2023
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A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis included thirteen studies—three in vivo and ten in vitro. Stereophotogrammetry performed better in most reported comparisons, but the authors noted heterogeneity and called for further clinical trials. That finding does not establish universal clinical superiority for every device or patient. Photogrammetry Versus Intraoral Scanning in Complete-Arch Digital Implant Impression, 2025
Other reviews and clinical studies address scanning time, patient satisfaction, and different capture techniques, adding context rather than a single universal ranking. Gómez-Polo et al., Journal of Prosthodontics, first published 17 August 2023; Factors influencing the intraoral implant scan accuracy, Journal of Dentistry, 2025; Clinical accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded by using a noncalibrated splinting technique, intraoral photogrammetry, and extraoral photogrammetry with snap-on markers, Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2025; Accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded by using intraoral and extraoral photogrammetry systems, 2025
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What to check when evaluating a workflow
- Capture scope: Confirm whether the system records implant positions only or also captures teeth and soft tissues.
- Compatibility: Verify that markers fit the implant connections in use and that the appropriate geometry is available in the software library.
- Evidence behind the accuracy figure: Check whether a claim describes in vitro, in vivo, or clinical evidence; what reference method was used; and whether it reports trueness, precision, or linear, angular, or surface deviation.
- Data integration: Establish how implant-position data are combined with surrounding-anatomy scans and passed into downstream CAD/CAM design.
- Time context: Treat published capture-time findings as study-specific rather than as a guarantee for an individual appointment.
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