Use scipy.stats to turn questions such as “What if demand is higher?” into simulated outcomes: sample from a distribution, hold assumptions fixed, fit and challenge candidate distributions, and compare ordinary sampling with quasi-Monte Carlo where it suits the problem. These techniques quantify outcomes conditional on your model; they do not make the model true. Examples below follow the SciPy 1.18.0 documentation; SciPy’s homepage listed 1.18.1, released August 21, 2026, as the latest release when checked.
1. Sample from a distribution with a repeatable random generator
A distribution’s rvs method generates random variates. Pass a NumPy Generator using the supported rng argument to make a run repeatable:
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
rng = np.random.default_rng(2026)
demand = stats.poisson.rvs(mu=100, size=10_000, rng=rng)
print(demand.mean())
print(np.quantile(demand, [0.05, 0.50, 0.95]))This example assumes demand follows a Poisson distribution with mean 100 units per period. The quantiles summarize simulated outcomes under that assumption; they are not forecasts or guarantees. SciPy’s statistics tutorial explains random variate generation and distribution methods.
A fixed seed makes the random stream repeatable in a given setup, which is useful for debugging and comparing changes. It does not validate the distribution or its parameters. State the assumptions alongside the results, and use sensitivity analysis if a decision changes materially when those assumptions change.
#1 Best Overall
- Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
- Convert USB-A Ports to USB-C: Designed to connect USB-C earphones, cables, flash drives, card readers, and other USB-C accessories to standard USB-A ports. Plug-and-play with no drivers or software required.
- Aluminum Alloy Housing: Built with a sturdy aluminum alloy shell that aids in heat dissipation and protects against daily wear and scratches. Designed to maintain a stable and secure connection.
- Compact & Travel-Friendly: The ultra-compact design allows the adapter to stay plugged into your device without blocking adjacent ports or adding bulk, reducing wear and tear on your original USB ports.
- 12-Month Warranty: Backed by a 12-month manufacturer warranty for peace of mind. Designed to meet strict quality control standards for reliable everyday performance.
2. Freeze a distribution to keep scenario assumptions visible
A frozen distribution stores its parameters once, so repeated calculations use the same assumptions without restating them on every call:
from scipy import stats
# Example assumption: normally distributed delivery time,
# with a mean of 5 days and standard deviation of 1.2 days.
delivery_time = stats.norm(loc=5, scale=1.2)
samples = delivery_time.rvs(size=10_000, random_state=2026)
probability_over_7_days = delivery_time.sf(7)
print(probability_over_7_days)The frozen object exposes distribution methods such as sampling, cumulative probabilities, and summary statistics. Here, sf(7) is the model-implied probability of a delivery time greater than seven days. The values are illustrative assumptions, not fitted results. See SciPy’s distribution tutorial for frozen distributions and available methods.
Rank #2
- 5-in-1 USB-C Hub: Experience comprehensive connectivity featuring a Power Delivery input, two USB-A 2.0 ports, a USB-A 3.0 port, and an HDMI port. (Note: The USB-C power delivery input port is only for connecting an external wall charger to power your laptop and cannot power peripheral devices.)
- 90W Pass-Through Charging: Achieve optimal charging with 90W pass-through power to your laptop, supported by a total input of 100W, with the hub reserving 10W for operational efficiency. (Note: Wall charger not included.)
- Quick Data Transfers: Accelerate your productivity with rapid data transfers using a high-speed 5Gbps USB 3.0 port and two 480Mbps USB 2.0 ports.
- 4K HDMI Display: Enhance your visual experience with a hub capable of delivering 4K resolution at 30Hz in both mirror and extend modes. Please note that this hub is compatible with MacBook (macOS 12 and newer), Windows 10 and 11, ChromeOS, and laptops equipped with DP Alt Mode and Power Delivery. Note: This device is not compatible with Linux.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (5-in-1, 4K HDMI), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Using rng with rvs is documented in the current SciPy API context; the frozen-distribution example uses random_state, the established argument form. Check the API for the SciPy version you run before adapting argument names, because function signatures can evolve.
3. Fit a distribution, then judge whether it describes the data
When historical observations are available, fit estimates parameters for a selected distribution family. SciPy uses maximum likelihood estimation by default; bounds and initial guesses can guide the optimization. For example:
Crashes, No Sound, or Screen Glitches?
Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteWindows Errors? Fix Them Before They Spread
Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallRank #3
- Sleek 7-in-1 USB-C Hub: Features an HDMI port, two USB-A 3.0 ports, and a USB-C data port, each providing 5Gbps transfer speeds. It also includes a USB-C PD input port for charging up to 100W and dual SD and TF card slots, all in a compact design.
- Flawless 4K@60Hz Video with HDMI: Delivers exceptional clarity and smoothness with its 4K@60Hz HDMI port, making it ideal for high-definition presentations and entertainment. (Note: Only the HDMI port supports video projection; the USB-C port is for data transfer only.)
- Double Up on Efficiency: The two USB-A 3.0 ports and a USB-C port support a fast 5Gbps data rate, significantly boosting your transfer speeds and improving productivity.
- Fast and Reliable 85W Charging: Offers high-capacity, speedy charging for laptops up to 85W, so you spend less time tethered to an outlet and more time being productive.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (7-in-1), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
from scipy import stats
observations = [4.8, 5.1, 3.9, 6.0, 5.4, 4.6, 5.7]
shape, loc, scale = stats.gamma.fit(observations)
print(shape, loc, scale)This finds gamma-distribution parameters for the supplied data. The fitted parameters do not show that a gamma distribution is the right family. Consider whether the distribution’s support and shape make sense for the outcome, inspect its tail behavior, and assess the fit with diagnostics and domain knowledge. SciPy’s distribution fitting reference documents the fitting API, its maximum-likelihood default, and options including bounds and guesses.
Parameter estimates also carry uncertainty. A simulation that treats fitted values as exact can understate uncertainty, especially when the data are limited. Make assumptions explicit and examine how results change across plausible parameter values.
Rank #4
- Dual Converters, Infinite Potential：Includes 2× USB C male to USB A female adapters and 2× USB A male to USB C female adapters. Perfect for a wide range of uses—tablets with Bluetooth keyboards, expand USB ports on macbook, and more. Two different converters for all your daily needs
- Next-Level 10Gbps & 3A Charging: No more slow 480Mbps, this usb to usb c adapter has a transfer speed of up to 10Gbps, allowing you to do more transferring in less time. This usb adapter fits both USB A and USB C charger, supporting up to 3A fast charging
- Upgraded Exquisite Craftsmanship: With an aluminum alloy housing and metal connector, the usbc to usb adapter is extremely durable and sturdy. Rigorously tested to withstand more than 10,000 times of plugging and unplugging, ensuring long-lasting performance
- Broad Compatible: The usb c to usb adapter widely supports all USB C/ USB A devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, car chargers, and phone chargers. Such as compatible with MacBook Pro/Air 2023/2022, Thunderbolt 4/3 Devices,Apple MagSafe Watch 9/8/7/SE/Ultra, iPad Pro 2022/2021, Samsung Galaxy S23/S20/S10, and iPhone 17/16/15 Pro. Plug and play
- Please Note: To reach 10Gbps speed, keep the cable under 3.3 ft. For USB A Male to USB C adapters, try flipping the USB C connector. USB C Male to USB A adapters support bidirectional 10Gbps transfer within 3.3 ft
4. Challenge a distribution with Monte Carlo goodness-of-fit
scipy.stats.goodness_of_fit tests compatibility between observed data and a specified distribution. It fits unknown parameters, generates Monte Carlo samples under the fitted null hypothesis, refits unknown parameters for each sample, and compares the observed statistic with the resulting null distribution. SciPy supports Anderson-Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramér-von Mises, and Filliben statistics.
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
observations = np.asarray([4.8, 5.1, 3.9, 6.0, 5.4, 4.6, 5.7])
rng = np.random.default_rng(2026)
result = stats.goodness_of_fit(
stats.norm,
observations,
statistic=" Anderson-Darling ".strip(),
n_mc_samples=9_999,
rng=rng,
)
print(result.pvalue)The documented default for n_mc_samples is 9,999 in the SciPy v1.18.0 reference; the example spells it out so the computational choice is visible. This is a default setting, not a universal recommendation. The method may be slow because fitting is repeated for each simulated sample, and SciPy warns that an unreliable fit can impair error control. Consult the goodness-of-fit reference for the setup and caveats.
What’s actually slowing this PC down?
Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.
Best Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
- Transfer Files in Seconds: Move files to and from your laptop at speeds of up to 5 Gbps via the USB-C and USB-A data ports. Note: The USB C 5Gbps Data port does not support video output.
- HD Display: Connect to the HDMI port to stream or mirror content to an external monitor in resolutions of up to 4K@30Hz. Note: The USB-C ports do not support video output.
- What You Get: Anker 332 USB-C Hub (5-in-1), welcome guide, our worry-free 18-month warranty, and friendly customer service.
Interpret the p-value as evidence about compatibility under this test’s assumptions, not as the probability that the model is true. A test cannot establish that the chosen family is correct or that its assumptions are suitable for a decision.
5. Compare quasi-Monte Carlo for suitable problems
SciPy includes quasi-Monte Carlo functionality in scipy.stats, alongside distributions, summary and frequency statistics, correlation, statistical tests, and kernel density estimation. Quasi-Monte Carlo uses structured, low-discrepancy sequences rather than ordinary independent random draws. It may be worth comparing for suitable sampling or integration tasks, but it is not a universal upgrade.
Compare methods using the estimator and task at hand: measure the error relevant to your decision, check repeatability, and account for computational cost. The documentation establishes availability, not a general performance advantage. SciPy’s quasi-Monte Carlo reference describes the available functionality.
How to make a “what if” result decision-ready
- Name the model: specify the distribution family, its parameters, and what one draw represents.
- Separate parameter fitting from model choice: estimating parameters does not validate the family.
- Show uncertainty: report a useful range or quantiles as conditional simulation results, not certain outcomes.
- Test sensitivity: vary plausible assumptions and check whether the decision changes.
- Record the setup: note the SciPy version, random-generator seed, sample count, and test or estimator used.
SciPy describes itself as providing “Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python.” The project’s homepage listed version 1.18.1 as released on August 21, 2026. The function details above link to the versioned 1.18.0 manual, so check the documentation corresponding to your installed version when adapting code.
Quick Recap
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
