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A settlement batch may show a different date from an authorization because authorization and capture are separate events, and processors assign captured payments to batches according to their own cut-off or sales-day rules. A payment authorized before a day boundary but captured after it can therefore appear in a later batch. The exact boundary depends on the processor’s configuration—not a universal rule that every batch follows the capture calendar date.
Why authorization and batch dates can differ
An authorization records approval or places a hold; capture is the merchant’s instruction to submit the final amount for settlement. The authorization timestamp does not determine batch membership by itself. For example, Authorize.net says a previously authorized payment that is captured remains captured and pending settlement until its next batch (Authorize.net transaction capture states).
Batch assignment usually depends on the processor’s capture window or configured business-day boundary. If a payment is authorized before a cut-off but captured after it, the processor may include it in the next batch. Which batch it enters depends on the provider’s rules and settings.
Which date does each field mean?
These dates describe different stages, so they should not be treated as interchangeable:
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- Authorization date: when the payment was approved or a hold was placed.
- Capture date: when the merchant submitted the amount for settlement.
- Batch or sales-day date: the processor-defined period to which captured transactions are assigned.
- Settlement date: when the processor settles the relevant funds.
- Bank funding date: when funds reach the merchant’s bank account.
Settlement and bank funding can occur after the sales day, and working-day calendars and holidays can affect timing. Adyen, for example, describes sales-day assignment separately from settlement timing, which follows working days and excludes bank holidays (Adyen: settle funds and sales day).
How processor cut-offs change the day boundary
Adyen: configured sales day
Adyen defines a sales day as “a 24-hour period in which Adyen processes your payments.” Sales days default to midnight-to-midnight in the balance account’s local timezone, but the closing time can be configured. Funds captured during a sales day are assigned to settlement batches related to that sales day. As a result, a capture close to midnight may belong to the same sales day or a different one depending on the configured close time and local timezone (Adyen: settle funds and sales day).
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Authorize.net: transaction cut-off
Authorize.net says automatic batches occur after the configured Transaction Cut-Off Time. Its support article gives 4:00 PM Pacific Time as the default. The documented example uses a 3:00 PM cut-off: the batch includes captured transactions from 3:00 PM the previous day through 2:59:59 PM that day. A cut-off change may delay settlement of the current batch if the new setting is less than 24 hours from the last settlement. These details describe Authorize.net’s documented setup and should not be applied to other processors (Authorize.net batch timing and cut-off).
JPMorgan Payments terminal application: business-day close
For its host-based terminal application, JPMorgan Payments says transactions are stored through a business day and automatically settled into a batch after that day closes. The account’s backend settlement time is configured; the documentation says the default is in the early morning and settles the previous day’s transactions. This is another provider-specific implementation, not an industry-wide definition (JPMorgan Payments settlement).
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How to reconcile across midnight or another cut-off
- Keep both timestamps. Preserve authorization and capture times as separate transaction fields; do not replace one with the other.
- Capture processor references. Store batch identifiers and settlement references when available. Adyen’s capture webhook includes a settlementReference and expectedValueDate that can help match activity (Adyen: reconcile balances).
- Match transactions to settlement detail. Reconcile captured transactions against processor settlement detail using transaction-level identifiers and processor references, rather than relying only on a calendar date.
- Match settlement to balances and bank records. Then compare settlement movements with balance-side reports and bank records. Treat expected value or settlement dates according to the provider’s definition; they do not replace the original authorization and capture timestamps.
- Check the boundary before flagging an exception. Confirm the configured timezone, sales-day close or transaction cut-off, and business-day or holiday handling. A date shift may reflect batch rules rather than a missing or duplicated transaction.
- Account for multiple batches. If a provider can create more than one batch in a day, reconcile by date as well as transaction and reference keys. Adyen notes that date-level generation can be easier in this situation (Adyen: reconcile balances).
What to expect for settlement and funding
A batch date is not a promise that funds will arrive in the bank that day. Adyen documents settlement on working days, excluding bank holidays; its timing examples show that weekends and holidays can delay settlement. Authorize.net says most merchants can expect funding 2–3 business days after settlement when the balance is positive, but actual settlement times vary. That is a provider-specific typical expectation, not a guaranteed or universal funding window (Authorize.net batch timing and cut-off).
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