If your Termux Python script only needs to create a plot file, a non-interactive backend such as Matplotlib’s Agg is a straightforward choice: it renders the figure to a file instead of opening a window. It is not required for every Termux setup. The right backend depends on whether a usable graphical display is available and whether you need an interactive plot window or a saved image.
What a Matplotlib backend does
A backend is the part of Matplotlib that handles displaying a figure or writing it to an output format. Interactive backends work with a graphical user interface to show plot windows; non-interactive, or hardcopy, backends render output files. Matplotlib documents Agg as a non-interactive backend that can only write to files.
On Linux, Matplotlib’s current guide says Agg is selected as a fallback when Matplotlib cannot connect to an X or Wayland display. That describes conditional backend selection, not a rule that every Termux installation must explicitly configure Agg.
Save a plot with Agg
For a script whose output is a file rather than a GUI window, select Agg before importing pyplot or creating figures, then call savefig():
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import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Agg") # Set before importing pyplot or creating figures
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9])
plt.savefig("plot.png", dpi=150, bbox_inches="tight")Matplotlib’s backend guide and savefig API documentation describe this file-output workflow. The code is general Matplotlib guidance, not a verified Termux installation recipe.
Set the backend before creating figures: Matplotlib notes that changing it after figures exist can fail. If you only need to save a plot and do not set a backend yourself, Matplotlib may select a suitable one automatically.
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Choose a backend for the result you need
| Need | Suitable approach | What to expect |
|---|---|---|
| Save a raster image | Agg with savefig() |
Writes a file such as PNG; it does not open an interactive plot window. |
| Save a scalable document graphic | A static format such as PDF or SVG | Matplotlib documents PDF and SVG among its static output options; vector output can scale for document use. |
| Open and interact with a plot window | An interactive backend supported by a working GUI environment | Agg does not provide a window. A GUI/display setup must be available for interactive display. |
Matplotlib also lists PS, PGF, and Cairo-supported formats among its static output options. Cairo formats require the extra library dependency. Choose the output format according to its destination: PNG is a practical raster image, while PDF or SVG can suit documents where scalable vector graphics matter.
Use Agg for one command instead of changing the script
For a one-off run, you can set the backend through the MPLBACKEND environment variable for that process. Matplotlib says this overrides the backend configured in matplotlibrc and discourages setting it globally, because a global setting can lead to confusing behavior. In a reusable script, setting the backend near the top makes the choice visible alongside the code that depends on it.
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If the plot does not appear
A script that saves a file may finish without showing a plot window; that is expected when using a non-interactive backend. Check that the script calls savefig() and note the output filename and location. You can then use an Android app or file workflow to view the saved image; this is simply a way to open the resulting file, not a special Termux display feature.
If you need a window instead, Agg is the wrong backend for that job. Use an interactive backend that your graphical environment supports. The available sources do not establish a universal Termux package-installation sequence or which backend every Termux setup selects, so the correct configuration depends on the Python and display environment in use.
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