A Cypress full-page screenshot usually fails for one of six reasons: the test captured viewport instead of fullPage, a sticky element was duplicated during stitching, the page has no usable document scroll, the browser window scaled the app iframe, the page was not ready when capture began, or Cypress removed or relocated the artifact. Identify the symptom first, then apply the matching fix below.
Use the correct Cypress capture mode
Cypress documents three screenshot modes. viewport captures only the application’s current viewport. fullPage scrolls the application from top to bottom, captures each position, and stitches the images. runner captures the entire browser viewport, including the Cypress Command Log.
| Mode | What appears in the image | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
viewport |
Visible application viewport | A component or above-the-fold check |
fullPage |
Application from top to bottom | Complete page documentation or visual capture |
runner |
Browser viewport plus Cypress UI | Debugging a failed test |
For a manual full-page capture, use:
cy.visit('/page')
cy.get('[data-cy=page-ready]').should('be.visible')
cy.screenshot('page-full', { capture: 'fullPage' })The readiness selector must represent your application’s real loaded state. Cypress retries the query and assertion before the screenshot; cy.screenshot() itself does not retry a chained assertion.
See the Cypress screenshot command documentation for the current option names and behavior.
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Automatic failure screenshots are different from an explicit cy.screenshot(). Cypress coerces screenshots taken after a test failure to runner, so they include the Command Log rather than being application-only full-page images. Failure screenshots are enabled by default with screenshotOnRunFailure: true during cypress run. Cypress does not automatically take failure screenshots in cypress open; add a manual command while debugging interactively.
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Configure failure behavior in cypress.config.js:
const { defineConfig } = require('cypress')
module.exports = defineConfig({
screenshotOnRunFailure: true,
screenshotsFolder: 'cypress/screenshots'
})Use the Screenshot API reference when changing global screenshot settings.
Fix repeated sticky headers and floating controls
Full-page capture works by scrolling and stitching. A position: fixed or position: sticky header can therefore appear in every stitched segment. Temporarily change the element’s positioning for the capture, then restore it:
cy.get('.sticky-header').invoke('css', 'position', 'absolute')
cy.screenshot('page-full', { capture: 'fullPage' })
cy.get('.sticky-header').invoke('css', 'position', null)Replace .sticky-header with an application-specific selector. Changing positioning can alter layout, so use a cleanup strategy that still runs if the test fails between the mutation and restoration. In some applications, hiding the floating widget or applying a temporary capture-only class is safer than changing the header’s geometry.
Investigate clipped pages and missing lower content
Check which element actually scrolls
A full-page screenshot cannot extend through content that Cypress cannot scroll. Inspect the rendered document and the scrolling container in DevTools. Compare document.documentElement.scrollHeight, document.body.scrollHeight, and the scroll height of any app shell such as .app or main. If the application puts overflow: auto on an inner panel while html and body remain fixed, the page’s meaningful content may be inside that panel rather than the document.
cy.document().then((doc) => {
cy.log(`document height: ${doc.documentElement.scrollHeight}`)
cy.log(`body height: ${doc.body.scrollHeight}`)
})Capture the correct scrollable region with an element-specific strategy, or adjust the test page so the document itself can scroll when a document-wide image is required.
Review viewport-locked layouts
A Cypress-maintained report describes clipping on a CSS-grid interface that set both html and body to width: 100vw and height: 100vh without top-level scrollbars. The report involved Cypress 12.2.0, Node 18.12.0 and Windows 10 Pro. It is a version-specific reproduction, not proof that every grid layout fails, and the issue page does not establish a universal fix.
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If your layout uses 100vh, nested grid containers or hidden overflow, verify the actual rendered height and the saved image dimensions before changing Cypress settings. The relevant report is Cypress issue #25516.
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Increasing viewportWidth and viewportHeight changes the application’s internal viewport, but the Test Runner may scale its app iframe to fit the available browser window. The saved image can consequently be smaller than the configured viewport suggests.
In Cypress open
- Enlarge the browser window.
- Reduce or close the Command Log to give the application iframe more room.
- Confirm the output image’s pixel dimensions rather than relying only on configuration values.
In CI
Inspect the browser launch size and the display or XServer dimensions available to the job. Cypress’s high-resolution guidance uses 1280×720 and small Linux displays as historical examples; they are not guaranteed current CI defaults. Ensure the virtual display is large enough for the requested browser window, then compare the resulting file dimensions.
The scaling explanation and practical remedies are covered in Cypress’s high-resolution screenshots article.
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Make capture timing deterministic
Screenshot capture is asynchronous and Cypress documents an approximate duration of 100 milliseconds. During that interval, application state can change, and the Command Log may not yet have rendered an error. Wait for a meaningful application condition rather than adding an arbitrary sleep:
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cy.get('[data-cy=dashboard-loaded]').should('be.visible')
cy.get('[data-cy=orders]').should('have.length.at.least', 1)
cy.screenshot('dashboard-full', { capture: 'fullPage' })The disableTimersAndAnimations screenshot option defaults to true. Cypress pauses JavaScript timers and CSS animations while taking the image, which can make an animation-heavy page differ from its ordinary appearance. If the missing state is caused by an animation or timer, inspect this option and the application’s animation logic rather than stacking waits:
cy.screenshot('animated-state', {
capture: 'fullPage',
disableTimersAndAnimations: false
})Use this only when the animated state is the state you intend to document; disabling the default can reduce repeatability.
Use video when the screenshot is not enough
Video can show the complete sequence leading to a failure. Video recording is disabled by default, is available during cypress run when enabled, and is not recorded in cypress open. Configure it for a run:
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module.exports = defineConfig({
video: true,
screenshotOnRunFailure: true
})Handle timer-patch and initialization edge cases
Cypress patches macrotimer functions so it can pause them during screenshot capture. Earlier scripts that retain references to unpatched timer functions can bypass that control and produce unpredictable rendering. Search early-loaded bundles and third-party scripts for cached timer references when the symptom is intermittent and timing-related.
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Find screenshots that seem missing
Check the folder and terminal output
The default screenshotsFolder is cypress/screenshots. Cypress prints the artifact path in the terminal; use that path rather than assuming the test name is the filename. You can set a project-specific folder:
module.exports = defineConfig({
screenshotsFolder: 'artifacts/cypress-screenshots'
})Prevent cleanup from deleting previous runs
trashAssetsBeforeRuns defaults to true, so Cypress clears screenshots and other assets before cypress run. Set it to false when a job must preserve files across runs:
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module.exports = defineConfig({
trashAssetsBeforeRuns: false
})In CI, publish the screenshots as provider artifacts or view them in Cypress Cloud. The screenshots and videos guide covers local and CI handling.
A practical diagnostic checklist
- Open the saved file and classify it: viewport only, repeated fixed elements, clipped content, low resolution, wrong state, or missing file.
- Confirm the command uses
{ capture: 'fullPage' }and is not an automatic failure screenshot. - Wait for an application-specific ready selector and stable content.
- Inspect document and inner-container scrolling, overflow rules, and rendered heights.
- Temporarily neutralize sticky or fixed controls, with guaranteed cleanup.
- Compare configured viewport, browser window, virtual display, and output pixel dimensions.
- Check
disableTimersAndAnimations, timer initialization, and hydration ordering only when timing suggests them. - Verify
screenshotsFolder,trashAssetsBeforeRuns, CI artifact upload, and the terminal path.
When Cypress capture works but comparison is the real requirement
cy.screenshot() creates an image; it does not compare that image with a baseline. If your goal is visual regression review, use a visual-testing integration after capture is reliable. Cypress’s visual testing guide explains the comparison options it discusses. Keep capture troubleshooting separate from baseline thresholds, diff noise and approval workflows.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Why does my Cypress full-page screenshot include the Cypress panel?
Automatic screenshots after failures are coerced to runner. Use an explicit cy.screenshot(..., { capture: 'fullPage' }) for an application-only image.
Does Cypress take failure screenshots in cypress open?
No. Automatic failure screenshots occur during cypress run; use a manual screenshot command in open mode.
Why are fixed headers repeated?
Cypress scrolls and stitches several captures, so fixed and sticky elements can appear in multiple segments. Temporarily change their positioning or hide them during capture.
Where does Cypress save screenshots?
The default is cypress/screenshots. Check screenshotsFolder, terminal output and CI artifact settings if the file is not where expected.
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