CSS Grid columns usually disappear in a PDF because the converter uses a different rendering engine or version than the browser, does not receive the stylesheet you expect, or does not support the particular Grid feature in use. Identify the renderer and version first, then test a minimal grid that fits on one page before restoring advanced layout rules.
Why Grid can work in a browser but fail in a PDF
“HTML to PDF” describes an output, not a single rendering engine. A converter may use a headless browser, a dedicated layout engine, or another renderer, and those engines can differ in their CSS support. A browser preview therefore does not establish that the production PDF converter supports the same declarations. Check the engine and version actually deployed, including any wrapper, container, or hosted service. A renderer comparison updated September 23, 2026 offers a starting map of differences, but confirm the behavior against the renderer’s own documentation and your output.
Support is also feature-specific: an engine may implement basic Grid while lacking or not testing a particular pattern. Finally, PDF conversion may receive different CSS from the browser, or the document may fail only when content crosses a page boundary.
Diagnose the missing columns in order
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Identify the renderer and deployed version
Record the actual executable, library, browser, container image, or service used in production. Do not infer the engine from a wrapper’s product name. Reproduce with the same runtime and version as the failing conversion.
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Check that the intended stylesheet reaches the converter
Verify that the CSS containing
display: gridandgrid-template-columnsis embedded or successfully loaded. Inspect print-specific styles and later rules that may override the container or its tracks. Compare the effective CSS in the PDF pipeline with the browser’s computed styles.For WeasyPrint, stylesheets can come from user-agent, author, and user origins; author stylesheets outrank user stylesheets by default. A user stylesheet does not necessarily override the page’s author CSS unless its declarations are raised with
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Test a minimal explicit-column grid
Reduce the document to one container and two short children. Use simple explicit tracks and a gap:
.pdf-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 12px; }If this renders in two columns, add the original rules back gradually: first track sizing, then
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Separate track sizing from page fragmentation
Render a short document that fits on one page, then a longer version that crosses a page boundary. If only the longer version fails, investigate row splitting and page-break behavior before changing the column definitions. Fragmentation support can differ from basic Grid support.
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Choose a fallback based on the identified limitation
If the engine lacks a needed feature, simplify the Grid to a documented supported subset, use another layout method supported by that engine, or select a renderer whose documented behavior matches the document. Validate the actual PDF with a representative page-spanning example; a broad “Grid supported” label is not enough.
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What WeasyPrint supports—and where to be cautious
WeasyPrint’s stable API reference describes Grid as working for simple cases with limitations. Its listed supported features include display: grid, grid-template-*, fractional units such as fr, minmax(), gaps, and grid areas. The reference lists display: inline-grid, grid-auto-flow: column, subgrids, repeat(auto-fill, *), repeat(auto-fit, *), and fragmentation within rows among unsupported or untested features. Consult the current stable reference for the precise feature list.
Version matters. The WeasyPrint changelog records initial CSS Grid support in version 62.0, released April 30, 2024. Version 62.2, released June 4, 2024, added support for grid-auto-flow: column and included Grid fixes. A deployment older than 62.0 should not be assumed to have Grid support; even on later versions, check the exact declaration against the reference.
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Troubleshooting by symptom
| Symptom | What to check | Next step |
|---|---|---|
| Everything becomes one column, including a two-track minimal test | Renderer identity/version, whether the stylesheet loaded, and whether a later or print rule overrides the grid | Test the same HTML and CSS in the deployed renderer, then inspect its effective styles |
| Basic two-column test works but the real layout collapses | Advanced track patterns, auto-fill/auto-fit, subgrid, nested layout, or placement rules | Add features back one at a time and compare each with that engine’s documentation |
| Columns work on a short PDF but fail across pages | Row fragmentation and page-break interaction | Reproduce with a document that crosses one page boundary; treat it as a pagination issue, not necessarily a track-sizing issue |
| Browser output is correct but PDF output is not | Different engine/version or missing/different CSS in the conversion pipeline | Compare the production renderer and loaded stylesheets rather than relying on the browser preview |
How to compare renderers before switching
- Confirm the actual engine and exact deployed version.
- Check support for the specific Grid declarations the document uses, not just Grid in general.
- Test both a one-page example and one that spans pages.
- Verify the converter loads the required stylesheets and applies the intended cascade.
- Use a representative document and inspect the generated PDF after any change.
A vendor comparison updated September 23, 2026 describes Chrome headless, wkhtmltopdf, WeasyPrint, and Prince as differing in Grid behavior; it characterizes Grid as supported in Chrome headless, unsupported in wkhtmltopdf, and supported with remaining gaps in WeasyPrint. Treat that as a secondary overview, not a guarantee for every version or document. Confirm details with the chosen renderer’s own documentation and a representative conversion. Read the comparison.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Which WeasyPrint version first added CSS Grid?
Version 62.0, released April 30, 2024, introduced CSS Grid support.
What’s actually slowing this PC down?
Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.
Does WeasyPrint support every CSS Grid feature?
No. Its stable reference says Grid works for simple cases and identifies unsupported or untested features, including subgrid and auto-fill/auto-fit repeat patterns.
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