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The next-generation Internet is a broad vision for how the internet could evolve—not one new network standard, protocol, or product. In the European Commission’s Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiative, it means shaping an open, inclusive, interoperable, and trustworthy internet that gives people stronger privacy, choice, and control.

What does “next-generation Internet” mean?

The phrase has no single universal technical definition. It can refer specifically to the European Commission’s NGI initiative or more generally to future internet technologies and architectures. The Commission treats NGI as a human-centered, values-led effort to shape an interoperable digital ecosystem, rather than as a numbered generation of network technology. Its stated mission is “to reimagine and re-engineer the Internet of tomorrow, reflecting fundamental human values.” European Commission NGI initiative

That distinction matters: NGI is not simply 6G, Web 3.0, or the metaverse. Those may be relevant technologies or areas of discussion, but the vision also concerns how internet infrastructure and services are designed, connected, and governed.

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What values and outcomes define the vision?

The Commission’s framing puts people and public-interest goals at the center. Its values include openness, inclusion, privacy, transparency, cooperation, and data protection. In practical terms, the intended outcomes include greater trust, interoperability, user control over data, access, and participation. The Commission has also described the aim as an “Internet of Humans,” with a trustworthy digital experience that offers people more choice and control. European Commission consultation on the Next Generation Internet

  • Privacy and data protection: people should have meaningful safeguards and greater control over their information.
  • Interoperability and openness: systems and services should work together rather than locking users into isolated environments.
  • Inclusion and access: the internet should serve a broad range of people and communities.
  • Trust and participation: users should be able to engage with digital services with greater confidence and agency.

What technologies could contribute to it?

The vision spans both the infrastructure that carries and processes data and the services people use. The Commission’s programme describes trusted, energy-efficient network and service infrastructure alongside applications for consumers, industry, and society. Potential building blocks include connectivity beyond 5G, software-defined infrastructure, the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud systems, edge computing, decentralised management, and blockchain. These are examples of possible contributions—not a required technology stack or checklist every NGI project must follow. European Commission policy overview

So the next-generation Internet is as much about the relationship between technologies and people as it is about faster connections or new capabilities. A network improvement can provide enabling infrastructure, while applications and services determine how people experience that infrastructure and what control they have over it.

How do Web 3.0, Web 4.0, and immersive technology fit?

A 2026 European Commission study groups NGI and extended-reality technologies into three clusters: decentralised and secure Web 3.0; sovereign Web 4.0 infrastructure; and immersive technologies, including augmented, virtual, and extended reality. The study describes the technologies as being at different maturity levels, from experimentation through pilots to industrial deployment. This is the study’s way of organising the field, not a universally accepted definition or taxonomy of NGI. European Commission study on the Next Generation Internet and virtual worlds

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How extensive is the EU initiative?

A 2024 benchmark by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology and Gartner reported that the initiative had mobilised about €140 million over five years and supported more than 1,000 projects. The report says the initiative began operationally in 2019. These figures describe that specific EU funding effort; they are not totals for all next-generation Internet research worldwide. European Commission and Gartner impact assessment

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